發(fā)布時間：2018-11-26 07:50

【摘要】：2016年,國務(wù)院印發(fā)的《“十三五”國家科技創(chuàng)新規(guī)劃》中明確轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)為國家重大科技專項,并表示將推動我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物研究整體水平躍居世界前列,為保障國家糧食安全提供品種和技術(shù)儲備。鑒于轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物關(guān)乎人民生活福祉和國家長治久安,我國對其給予了很大關(guān)注。筆者經(jīng)過檢索與查閱文獻,發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)者對于轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全、轉(zhuǎn)基因生物環(huán)境風(fēng)險、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全等方面的法律問題進行了研究,但是針對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管方面的法律問題分析較少。因此,筆者基于法律專業(yè)知識,結(jié)合對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管的理解,通過梳理相關(guān)政策、法律法規(guī)和文獻,對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管進行了研究,分析了目前我國在轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管方面存在的問題及原因,并提出相應(yīng)的完善建議。文章按照提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路,分四部分對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管法律問題進行了研究。第一部分:介紹了我國轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀,提出了存在的問題。此部分通過對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植現(xiàn)狀的介紹,提出了轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管立法方面存在的問題及監(jiān)管部門存在的問題。第二部分:對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管問題進行了分析。此部分從轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管的必要性和可行性、監(jiān)管的法律規(guī)范問題、違法種植原因等三方面,對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管所涉及的法律問題進行了分析。第三部分:梳理借鑒了國外對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管的經(jīng)驗。此部分對國外轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物監(jiān)管理念和監(jiān)管措施方面的立法和司法實踐進行了梳理與歸納,總結(jié)出適合我國國情的經(jīng)驗。第四部分:提出了轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管的完善建議。此部分從堅持科學(xué)的監(jiān)管理念、完善法律監(jiān)管制度、明確設(shè)立專門機構(gòu)執(zhí)行法律監(jiān)管、加強對科研機構(gòu)的法律約束、拓寬監(jiān)管渠道等五個方面,提出了對轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管的完善建議。筆者認為,轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管問題已成為社會熱點,完善轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植監(jiān)管立法,提高執(zhí)法水平,有效監(jiān)管轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物種植,對于科技進步、提高人民生活水平以及維護國家糧食安全均具有十分重要的意義。
[Abstract]:In 2016, the State Council issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", which identified GM technology as a major national science and technology project, and said that it will promote the overall level of research on agricultural genetically modified organisms in China to the top of the world. To ensure national food security to provide varieties and technical reserves. In view of the fact that genetically modified crops are related to the well-being of the people and the long-term stability of the country, our country has paid great attention to them. After searching and consulting the literature, the author found that many scholars have studied the legal issues of genetically modified organisms safety, genetically modified organisms environmental risk, genetically modified food safety, etc. But there is little analysis of the legal problems in the regulation of genetically modified crops. Therefore, based on the knowledge of law, combining with the understanding of the regulation of genetically modified crops, through combing the relevant policies, laws and regulations and literature, the author studies the regulation of the cultivation of genetically modified crops. This paper analyzes the problems and causes in the supervision of genetically modified crops in China at present, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. According to the ideas of putting forward, analyzing and solving the problems, this paper studies the legal problems of genetically modified crops in four parts. The first part introduces the current situation of genetically modified crops in China and puts forward the existing problems. Through the introduction of the current situation of transgenic crops planting, the problems in legislation and supervision of genetically modified crops cultivation are put forward. The second part: the problem of genetically modified crops planting supervision was analyzed. In this part, the author analyzes the legal problems involved in the regulation of genetically modified crops from three aspects: the necessity and feasibility of the regulation, the legal regulation of the regulation, and the reasons for illegal cultivation. The third part: combing the experience of foreign countries in the regulation of genetically modified crops. In this part, the legislation and judicial practice of the supervision of genetically modified crops in foreign countries are summarized, and the experiences suitable for the situation of our country are summed up. The fourth part: put forward the perfect suggestion of the genetically modified crops planting supervision. This part includes five aspects: insisting on the scientific supervision idea, perfecting the legal supervision system, establishing a special institution to carry out the legal supervision, strengthening the legal restriction on the scientific research institutions, widening the supervision channels, etc. Some suggestions are put forward to improve the supervision of genetically modified crops. In my opinion, the issue of genetically modified crops planting supervision has become a hot spot in society. To improve the legislation, improve the law enforcement level, and effectively supervise the cultivation of genetically modified crops, it is of great importance to the development of science and technology. Improving people's living standards and safeguarding national food security are of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.4

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