【摘要】：新興污染物的污染風(fēng)險是當前環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的熱點問題之一,抗生素抗性基因的污染及其生態(tài)、健康安全問題更是關(guān)注的焦點,論文針對越來越受到人們重視的地下水抗生素抗性基因的來源和傳播,結(jié)合北京再生水入滲現(xiàn)場四環(huán)素類抗生素抗性基因的分布特征,研究了游離態(tài)四環(huán)素類抗生素抗性基因在土壤中的吸附規(guī)律,主要取得了以下研究成果。以北京市潮白河再生水入滲場地作為典型研究區(qū)域,分析其地表水和土壤中tetB、tetM、tetO和tetW 4種四環(huán)素類ARGs的存在水平。結(jié)果表明,在地表水中tetB基因的檢出率為83.3%,其余3種基因的檢出率均為100%,四環(huán)素類ARGs的豐度大致符合沿程遞減規(guī)律;在土壤中,4種基因的檢出率均是100%,絕對量豐度高且變化幅度大,入滲場地內(nèi)的底泥和包氣帶土樣中4種基因的絕對量豐度均高于對照土。游離態(tài)四環(huán)素類ARGs質(zhì)粒載體在研究區(qū)域的底泥和包氣帶介質(zhì)中的吸附動力學(xué)符合雙室一級動力學(xué)模型,吸附過程包含快速吸附和慢吸附兩個過程。其吸附平衡符合Langmuir模型,擬合結(jié)果表明,底泥對其吸附量顯著高于包氣帶介質(zhì),不同目的基因片段的導(dǎo)入對其在土壤中的吸附影響較小。使用qPCR方法,測定目標基因在吸附平衡前后的絕對拷貝數(shù),以表征四環(huán)素類ARGs在土壤中的吸附特性。吸附達到平衡后,相比于加入量,四環(huán)素類ARGs的絕對量豐度降低1-2個數(shù)量級,吸附效果明顯。四環(huán)素類ARGs在高拷貝數(shù)的初始量下,其吸附特性符合線性吸附。研究游離態(tài)四環(huán)素類ARGs在土柱模擬系統(tǒng)中的入滲遷移過程,“底泥-包氣帶”土柱I和“包氣帶”土柱II的表觀滲透速率分別降低至0.046 m/d和0.17 m/d,達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),對應(yīng)的彌散度分別為3.2 cm和9.3 cm。高豐度配水回灌期內(nèi),相同時間點土柱II的出水基因豐度比土柱I的高一個數(shù)量級。游離態(tài)四環(huán)素類ARGs在底泥層和包氣帶層的滯留因子Rd分別為86.4和40.3。
[Abstract]:The pollution risk of emerging pollutants is one of the hot issues in the field of environment. The pollution of antibiotic resistance gene and its ecology, health and safety are the focus of attention. In this paper, the distribution of tetracycline antibiotic resistance genes in Beijing reclaimed water was studied. The adsorption of free tetracycline antibiotic resistant genes in soil was studied. Taking the infiltration site of reclaimed water from Chaobai River in Beijing as a typical research area, the levels of four tetracycline ARGs species, tetB,tetM,tetO and tetW, in surface water and soil were analyzed. The results showed that the detection rate of tetB gene in surface water was 83.3%, and the detection rate of the other three genes was 100. The abundance of tetracycline ARGs was approximately in accordance with the law of decreasing along the course. In soil, the detection rate of four genes was 100. The absolute abundance of the four genes was higher than that of the control soil, and the absolute abundance of the four genes was higher than that of the control soil, and the absolute abundance of the four genes in the soil samples in the infiltration site and in the soil samples of the aeration zone was higher than that in the control soil. The adsorption kinetics of the free tetracycline ARGs plasmid vector in the sediment and aeration zone media of the study area is in accordance with the two-chamber first-order kinetic model. The adsorption process consists of two processes: fast adsorption and slow adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium was in accordance with the Langmuir model. The fitting results showed that the adsorption capacity of the sediment was significantly higher than that of the aerated medium, and the effect of the introduction of different target gene fragments on its adsorption in soil was small. QPCR method was used to determine the absolute copy number of the target gene before and after adsorption equilibrium to characterize the adsorption characteristics of tetracycline ARGs in soil. After the adsorption reached equilibrium, the absolute abundance of tetracycline ARGs decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the addition of tetracycline, and the adsorption effect was obvious. The adsorption characteristics of tetracycline ARGs at the initial amount of high copy number are in line with linear adsorption. The infiltration and migration process of free tetracycline (ARGs) in soil column simulation system was studied. The apparent permeation rates of soil column I and II were reduced to 0.046 m/ d and 0.17 m/ d, respectively. The dispersion is 3. 2 cm and 9. 3 cm., respectively. At the same time, the effluent gene abundance of soil column II was one order of magnitude higher than that of soil column I. The retention factor Rd of free tetracycline ARGs in sediment and aeration zone is 86.4 and 40.3, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X703

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