發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-17 10:31

【摘要】：水稻是我國(guó)主要的糧食作物。植物激素ABA與種子萌發(fā)關(guān)系密切,是影響種子萌發(fā)的主要激素之一。水稻.PLASTOCHRON是一種葉原基形成間隔期調(diào)控基因,并與植株由營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)渡到生殖生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)。前人研究結(jié)果表明PLA3突變體(pla3)種子在萌發(fā)過(guò)程中對(duì)ABA不敏感。為進(jìn)一步探討PLA3在水稻種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的作用及其與ABA的互作關(guān)系,本研究以野生型水稻、pla3突變體、ABA不敏感突變體abll、水稻岡46B和D84B等為研究材料,分別研究了PLA3基因?qū)λ痉N子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響、PLA3與ABA的相互關(guān)系以及PLA3對(duì)雜交水稻制種過(guò)程中穗發(fā)芽形成的影響。結(jié)果如下：1、pla3突變體篩選及表型觀察：體視顯微鏡下觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)突變體pla3種子胚較野生型明顯偏大,以此表型初步篩選出突變體種子,再通過(guò)基因型鑒定驗(yàn)證；pla3種子易于萌發(fā)、但其幼苗期葉片畸形、生長(zhǎng)速度慢、植株矮化且分蘗數(shù)增加,且不能進(jìn)行生殖生長(zhǎng),完全不育。2、PLA3基因參與水稻種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程的調(diào)控且受ABA的誘導(dǎo)。對(duì)岡46B和D84B種子萌發(fā)性狀比較發(fā)現(xiàn),36h時(shí)岡46B的萌發(fā)率為90%,易萌發(fā)；D84B的萌發(fā)率為70%,難萌發(fā)。分別對(duì)岡46B和D84B種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)中PLA3的表達(dá)量分析發(fā)現(xiàn),D84B中PLA3的表達(dá)量顯著高于岡46B。ABA (CK、2μmol/L和5 μmol/L)處理兩種水稻發(fā)現(xiàn),與CK相比,2μmol/L和5μmol/L ABA處理下激素含量和淀粉酶的活性降低,PLA3的表達(dá)量上升：ABA不敏感突變體abll中PLA3基因的表達(dá)量顯著低于野生型,初步表明PLA3與ABA的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑相關(guān)。3、PLA3基因影響雜交水稻穗發(fā)芽的形成。分別以R9311和R416為父本、以Y58S和Ⅱ-32A為母本制種得到穗發(fā)芽有明顯差異的雜交組合Y兩優(yōu)1號(hào)(易穗發(fā)芽)和Ⅱ優(yōu)416(難穗發(fā)芽)；分別對(duì)Y兩優(yōu)1號(hào)和Ⅱ優(yōu)416種子成熟過(guò)程中主要激素ZR、GA1、 ABA、IAA含量的動(dòng)態(tài)變化、PLA3表達(dá)量進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明,Y兩優(yōu)1號(hào)內(nèi)源激素ZR、GA1、IAA都高于Ⅱ優(yōu)416,ABA含量則相反；Ⅱ優(yōu)416中PLA3基因的表達(dá)量更高。推測(cè)PLA3基因在此過(guò)程中可能是通過(guò)ABA誘導(dǎo)其基因表達(dá)上調(diào)而發(fā)揮作用。本論文相關(guān)試驗(yàn)探討了水稻PLA3基因在水稻種子萌發(fā)及幼苗生長(zhǎng)中的作用。結(jié)果表明PLA3在水稻種子萌發(fā)過(guò)程中可能參與ABA的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),且與水稻穗發(fā)芽相關(guān)。為研究PLA3基因的功能及其參與水稻種子萌發(fā)和幼苗生長(zhǎng)以及穗發(fā)芽的分子機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main food crop in China. Plant hormone ABA is closely related to seed germination and is one of the main hormones affecting seed germination. Rice. PLASTOCHRON is a regulating gene of leaf primordium formation interval and is related to plant growth transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Previous studies showed that PLA3 mutant (pla3) seeds were insensitive to ABA during germination. In order to further study the role of PLA3 in seed germination and seedling growth of rice and its interaction with ABA, wild type rice, pla3 mutants, ABA insensitive mutants abll, Gang46B and D84B were used as materials. The effects of PLA3 gene on seed germination and seedling growth, the relationship between PLA3 and ABA, and the effect of PLA3 on the formation of spike germination in hybrid rice seed production were studied. The results were as follows: 1 screening and phenotypic observation of the mutant: under stereomicroscopy, the embryo of the mutant pla3 seed was obviously larger than that of the wild type, and the mutant seeds were preliminarily screened with this phenotype and verified by genotypic identification. Pla3 seeds are easy to germinate, but their leaves are malformed at seedling stage, the growth rate is slow, the plants are short, the number of tillers is increased, and they can not reproduce and grow, and they are completely sterile. PLA3 gene is involved in the regulation of rice seed germination and seedling growth and is induced by ABA. The comparison of germination characters between Gang46B and D84B showed that the germination rate of Gang46B was 90 and easy to germinate at 36h, and the germination rate of D84B was 70, which was difficult to germinate. The expression of PLA3 in seed germination and seedling growth of Gang46B and D84B were analyzed respectively. The results showed that the expression of PLA3 in D84B was significantly higher than that in CK,2 渭 mol/L and 5 渭 mol/L treated with Gang46B (CK,2 渭 mol/L and 5 渭 mol/L), compared with CK. Under the treatment of 2 渭 mol/L and 5 渭 mol/L ABA, the hormone content and amylase activity decreased, and the expression of PLA3 increased. The expression of PLA3 gene in ABA insensitive mutant abll was significantly lower than that in wild type, which indicated that PLA3 was related to ABA signal transduction pathway. PLA3 gene affects the formation of hybrid rice panicle germination. Using R9311 and R416 as male parents and Y58S and 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2337460