新基因起源:從自然進(jìn)化到人工設(shè)計
發(fā)布時間:2018-11-07 16:16
【摘要】:生命體系歷經(jīng)40多億年的自然進(jìn)化,創(chuàng)造了無數(shù)豐富多彩的功能基因,保障了生命體系的傳承與繁榮。然而生命體系的自然進(jìn)化歷程極其緩慢,新的功能基因產(chǎn)生需要數(shù)百萬年時間,無法滿足快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求。利用合成生物學(xué)技術(shù),研究人員可以依據(jù)已知的酶催化機理和蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行全新的基因設(shè)計與合成,按照工業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求快速創(chuàng)造全新的蛋白質(zhì)催化劑,實現(xiàn)各種自然界生物無法催化的生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)。盡管新基因設(shè)計技術(shù)展現(xiàn)了激動人心的應(yīng)用前景,但是目前該技術(shù)還存在設(shè)計成功率不高、酶催化活性較低、合成成本較高等科技挑戰(zhàn)。未來隨著合成生物學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,設(shè)計、改造、合成和篩選等技術(shù)將融合為一體,為新基因設(shè)計與創(chuàng)建帶來全新的發(fā)展機遇。
[Abstract]:After more than 4 billion years of natural evolution, the life system has created numerous rich and colorful functional genes and ensured the inheritance and prosperity of the life system. However, the natural evolution of life system is very slow, and it takes millions of years to produce new functional genes, which can not meet the rapid development of industrial production needs. Using synthetic biology, researchers can design and synthesize new genes based on known enzymatic catalysis mechanisms and protein structures, and quickly create new protein catalysts according to industrial production requirements. The realization of a variety of natural organisms can not catalyze biochemical reactions. Although the new gene design technology has shown exciting application prospects, there are still some scientific challenges, such as low success rate, low enzyme catalytic activity and high synthesis cost. In the future, with the rapid development of synthetic biology technology, design, transformation, synthesis and screening technology will be integrated, which will bring new development opportunities for the design and creation of new genes.
【作者單位】: 中國科學(xué)院天津工業(yè)生物技術(shù)研究所;
本文編號:2316889
[Abstract]:After more than 4 billion years of natural evolution, the life system has created numerous rich and colorful functional genes and ensured the inheritance and prosperity of the life system. However, the natural evolution of life system is very slow, and it takes millions of years to produce new functional genes, which can not meet the rapid development of industrial production needs. Using synthetic biology, researchers can design and synthesize new genes based on known enzymatic catalysis mechanisms and protein structures, and quickly create new protein catalysts according to industrial production requirements. The realization of a variety of natural organisms can not catalyze biochemical reactions. Although the new gene design technology has shown exciting application prospects, there are still some scientific challenges, such as low success rate, low enzyme catalytic activity and high synthesis cost. In the future, with the rapid development of synthetic biology technology, design, transformation, synthesis and screening technology will be integrated, which will bring new development opportunities for the design and creation of new genes.
【作者單位】: 中國科學(xué)院天津工業(yè)生物技術(shù)研究所;
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