Yr10、Yr18和Yr36基因在小麥抗條銹病改良中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-01 15:34
【摘要】：小麥條銹病是由條形柄銹菌(Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici,Pst)引起的一種重要真菌病害,嚴(yán)重威脅小麥產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。在一般流行年份會導(dǎo)致小麥減產(chǎn)20%-30%,嚴(yán)重流行年份可造成減產(chǎn)50%-60%。傳統(tǒng)殺菌劑防治雖然有效,但長期使用不僅會引起環(huán)境污染,還會造成小麥條銹菌的耐藥性或抗藥性。使用抗病品種是控制小麥條銹病最為經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、有效且環(huán)保的措施,選育攜帶有效抗條銹病基因的小麥品種,在全國小麥栽培區(qū)合理布局,可以有效控制小麥條銹病的爆發(fā)。本研究通過分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇和傳統(tǒng)育種技術(shù),將抗條銹病基因Yr10、Yr18和Yr36轉(zhuǎn)育并聚合到黃淮麥區(qū)的17個小麥主栽品種,獲得了優(yōu)異的抗病種質(zhì)資源,提高了小麥的抗條銹病水平。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:1.BC_3F_1世代,山東泰安田間的發(fā)病條件良好,部分輪回親本表現(xiàn)高感條銹病,相應(yīng)的BC_3F_1植株則呈現(xiàn)明顯的抗病和感病分離現(xiàn)象。利用基因或連鎖標(biāo)記,從BC_3F_1植株中檢測出攜帶小麥抗條銹病基因Yr10、Yr18或Yr36位點的陽性單株。本世代,選擇背景來源一致的姊妹系植株各3株,即相同回交世代的陽性植株(攜帶目標(biāo)抗病基因)和陰性植株(不攜帶目標(biāo)抗病基因),分別測量了它們的千粒重。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),小麥抗條銹病基因Yr10、Yr18或Yr36明顯提高陽性姊妹系的抗條銹病水平,感病回交親本組合的后代尤為顯著;單基因抗病位點的使用有效地降低了千粒重的損失。2.BC3F2和BC_4F_2世代,部分回交株系被種植到四川成都-小麥條銹病高發(fā)區(qū)。根據(jù)自然發(fā)病情況,有14對近等基因株系表現(xiàn)顯著差異,帶有抗條銹病基因Yr10、Yr18或Yr36位點的株行呈現(xiàn)明顯的抗病和感病分離,而不攜帶以上抗銹病基因的株行全部感病。3.在BC_3F_1世代,植株形態(tài)與輪回親本基本相似,可用于抗病基因的聚合。在具有共同輪回親本的植株后代中,通過特異標(biāo)記鑒別出分別攜帶Yr10、Yr18或Yr36基因的植株,從而開展抗病基因之間的兩兩聚合。2015年,我們獲得了3份Yr10/Yr18聚合材料(BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1),2份Yr18/Yr36聚合材料(BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1)和11份Yr10/Yr36聚合材料(BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1),共計16份雙抗病基因聚合材料。通過“單基因配雙基因(即1+2)”或“雙基因配雙基因(即2+2)”組配模式,我們在2015年開展了Yr10、Yr18和Yr36三基因的聚合工作,并于2016年獲得了‘濟(jì)南17’、‘濟(jì)麥19’、‘濟(jì)麥20’、‘濟(jì)麥22’、‘泰農(nóng)18’、‘周麥16’、‘豫麥49-198’和‘煙農(nóng)19’等8個輪回背景攜帶三個抗病基因的后代(BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC4F1或BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1),共計30個株系。本研究將Yr10、Yr18或Yr36基因轉(zhuǎn)育到黃淮麥區(qū)的主栽小麥品種,明顯地改善了植株抗條銹病水平,有效降低了千粒重的損失,并將農(nóng)藝性狀優(yōu)良的抗條銹病植株應(yīng)用于黃淮麥區(qū)和四川麥區(qū)的小麥抗條銹病育種。
[Abstract]:Wheat stripe rust is an important fungal disease caused by stripe stem rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici,Pst), which seriously threatens wheat yield and quality. In the general epidemic year, the wheat yield will be reduced by 20 to 30 percent, and in the severe epidemic year the wheat yield will be reduced by 50 to 60 percent. Although traditional fungicides are effective, long-term use will not only cause environmental pollution, but also lead to resistance or resistance of wheat stripe rust. The use of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical, safe, effective and environmentally friendly measure to control wheat stripe rust. Breeding wheat varieties carrying effective genes of resistance to stripe rust can effectively control the outbreak of wheat stripe rust. Through molecular marker-assisted selection and traditional breeding techniques, the stripe rust resistant genes Yr10,Yr18 and Yr36 were transferred to 17 main wheat cultivars in Huang-Huai wheat region. The excellent resistant germplasm resources were obtained and the resistance level of stripe rust was improved. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. In the first generation, the incidence conditions in Taian County, Shandong Province, were good. Some recurrent parents showed high susceptibility to stripe rust, and the corresponding BC_3F_1 plants showed obvious disease resistance and isolation. Using gene or linkage markers, the positive single plant carrying Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 loci of wheat stripe rust resistance gene was detected from BC_3F_1 plants. In this generation, three sister lines with the same background, that is, positive plants with the same backcross generation (carrying target disease resistance genes) and negative plants (without target disease resistance genes) were selected to measure their 1000-grain weight. The results showed that wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 increased stripe rust resistance level of the positive sister lines, especially in the progeny of susceptible backcross parents, and the use of single gene resistance sites effectively reduced the loss of 1000-grain weight. 2. BC3F2 and BC_4F_2 generations. Some backcross lines were planted in Chengdu-wheat stripe rust area. According to the natural disease situation, 14 pairs of near-isogenic lines showed significant differences. The lines with Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 loci of stripe rust resistance gene showed obvious resistance and susceptibility isolation, while the plants without the above rust resistance genes were all susceptible to the disease. In BC_3F_1 generation, plant morphology is similar to that of recurrent parents, which can be used for the aggregation of disease resistance genes. In the progeny of plants with a common recurrent parent, plants with Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 genes were identified by specific markers, which led to pairwise aggregation of disease resistance genes. Three Yr10/Yr18 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1), two Yr18/Yr36 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) and 11 Yr10/Yr36 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) were obtained. Through the "single gene matching double gene" or "double gene matching double gene (22)" matching model, we carried out the work of Yr10,Yr18 and Yr36 three genes in 2015, and got 'Jinan 17' Jimai 19 in 2016. Zhoumai 16- 'Yumai 49-198' and' Yannong 19' carried three disease-resistant genes (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC4F1 or BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) in 8 progenies (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC4F1 or BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1). In this study, the Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 gene was transferred to the main wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area, and the resistance to stripe rust was obviously improved, and the loss of 1000-grain weight was effectively reduced. The stripe rust resistant plants with excellent agronomic characters were applied to wheat stripe rust resistance breeding in Huang-Huai and Sichuan wheat regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.121.42
本文編號：2217618
[Abstract]:Wheat stripe rust is an important fungal disease caused by stripe stem rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici,Pst), which seriously threatens wheat yield and quality. In the general epidemic year, the wheat yield will be reduced by 20 to 30 percent, and in the severe epidemic year the wheat yield will be reduced by 50 to 60 percent. Although traditional fungicides are effective, long-term use will not only cause environmental pollution, but also lead to resistance or resistance of wheat stripe rust. The use of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical, safe, effective and environmentally friendly measure to control wheat stripe rust. Breeding wheat varieties carrying effective genes of resistance to stripe rust can effectively control the outbreak of wheat stripe rust. Through molecular marker-assisted selection and traditional breeding techniques, the stripe rust resistant genes Yr10,Yr18 and Yr36 were transferred to 17 main wheat cultivars in Huang-Huai wheat region. The excellent resistant germplasm resources were obtained and the resistance level of stripe rust was improved. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. In the first generation, the incidence conditions in Taian County, Shandong Province, were good. Some recurrent parents showed high susceptibility to stripe rust, and the corresponding BC_3F_1 plants showed obvious disease resistance and isolation. Using gene or linkage markers, the positive single plant carrying Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 loci of wheat stripe rust resistance gene was detected from BC_3F_1 plants. In this generation, three sister lines with the same background, that is, positive plants with the same backcross generation (carrying target disease resistance genes) and negative plants (without target disease resistance genes) were selected to measure their 1000-grain weight. The results showed that wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 increased stripe rust resistance level of the positive sister lines, especially in the progeny of susceptible backcross parents, and the use of single gene resistance sites effectively reduced the loss of 1000-grain weight. 2. BC3F2 and BC_4F_2 generations. Some backcross lines were planted in Chengdu-wheat stripe rust area. According to the natural disease situation, 14 pairs of near-isogenic lines showed significant differences. The lines with Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 loci of stripe rust resistance gene showed obvious resistance and susceptibility isolation, while the plants without the above rust resistance genes were all susceptible to the disease. In BC_3F_1 generation, plant morphology is similar to that of recurrent parents, which can be used for the aggregation of disease resistance genes. In the progeny of plants with a common recurrent parent, plants with Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 genes were identified by specific markers, which led to pairwise aggregation of disease resistance genes. Three Yr10/Yr18 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1), two Yr18/Yr36 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) and 11 Yr10/Yr36 polymeric materials (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) were obtained. Through the "single gene matching double gene" or "double gene matching double gene (22)" matching model, we carried out the work of Yr10,Yr18 and Yr36 three genes in 2015, and got 'Jinan 17' Jimai 19 in 2016. Zhoumai 16- 'Yumai 49-198' and' Yannong 19' carried three disease-resistant genes (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC4F1 or BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1) in 8 progenies (BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC4F1 or BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1//BC_3F_1/BC_3F_1). In this study, the Yr10,Yr18 or Yr36 gene was transferred to the main wheat varieties in Huang-Huai wheat area, and the resistance to stripe rust was obviously improved, and the loss of 1000-grain weight was effectively reduced. The stripe rust resistant plants with excellent agronomic characters were applied to wheat stripe rust resistance breeding in Huang-Huai and Sichuan wheat regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.121.42
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 趙霞;王長彪;趙興華;劉江;崔婷;任永康;牛瑜琦;唐朝暉;;小麥抗病相關(guān)基因聚合育種的研究進(jìn)展[J];山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2017年02期
2 ;2017年全國小麥主要病蟲害發(fā)生趨勢預(yù)報[J];種業(yè)導(dǎo)刊;2017年02期
3 姚宏鵬;安哲;張毓妹;楊文香;劉大群;;小麥抗葉銹病聚合品種中間材料的分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇[J];分子植物育種;2015年11期
4 于慶祥;雷小利;張靜;馬海財;;小麥分子標(biāo)記輔助育種研究進(jìn)展[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2015年06期
5 董娜;張亞娟;張軍剛;茹振鋼;;分子標(biāo)記輔助小麥抗白粉病基因Pm21和Pm13聚合育種[J];麥類作物學(xué)報;2014年12期
6 白小軍;王憲國;陳東升;;寧夏小麥品種慢銹基因Lr34/Yr18的分子檢測[J];麥類作物學(xué)報;2014年11期
7 陳萬權(quán);康振生;馬占鴻;徐世昌;金社林;姜玉英;;中國小麥條銹病綜合治理理論與實踐[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2013年20期
8 ;Distribution,Frequency and Variation of Stripe Rust Resistance Loci Yr10,Lr34/Yr18 and Yr36 in Chinese Wheat Cultivars[J];遺傳學(xué)報;2012年11期
9 何中虎;蘭彩霞;陳新民;鄒裕春;莊巧生;夏先春;;小麥條銹病和白粉病成株抗性研究進(jìn)展與展望[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年11期
10 伍玲;夏先春;朱華忠;李式昭;鄭有良;何中虎;;CIMMYT 273個小麥品種抗病基因Lr34/Yr18/Pm38的分子標(biāo)記檢測[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年22期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 白斌;普通小麥條銹病成株抗性QTL定位與白粉病成株抗性QTL聚合[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2014年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 張菲菲;轉(zhuǎn)抗赤霉病基因小麥的聚合育種和回交轉(zhuǎn)育研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年
2 趙家;小麥抗條銹病基因聚合的分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇及遺傳分析[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號：2217618
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/jiyingongcheng/2217618.html
最近更新
教材專著
