【摘要】：當(dāng)今,隨著人們環(huán)境、健康意識(shí)不斷增強(qiáng),有機(jī)食品在全世界范圍呈快速增長趨勢。然而,由于我國有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)起步較晚且有機(jī)栽培過程控制要求嚴(yán)格,目前在有機(jī)栽培水稻養(yǎng)分吸收利用方面尚缺乏深入研究。為了探索有機(jī)栽培與常規(guī)栽培方式對水稻主要營養(yǎng)元素吸收與分配機(jī)制的異同,以已篩選的4種不同氮效型粳稻品種(有機(jī)與常規(guī)栽培氮高效協(xié)同型A類、有機(jī)栽培氮高效而常規(guī)栽培氮低效的氮效高-低轉(zhuǎn)變型B類、有機(jī)栽培氮低效而常規(guī)栽培氮高效的氮效低-高轉(zhuǎn)變型C類、有機(jī)栽培與常規(guī)栽培均低效的氮低效協(xié)同型D類)為供試材料,以空白為對照,研究了兩種栽培方式下水稻生長性狀指標(biāo)、土壤養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)、植株主要營養(yǎng)元素吸收和品質(zhì)性狀的異同,為推動(dòng)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,促進(jìn)水稻養(yǎng)分持續(xù)高效利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下:1.不同栽培方式對土壤養(yǎng)分含量的影響,在水稻成熟期,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量表現(xiàn)為有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培空白處理,有機(jī)栽培和常規(guī)栽培分別比空白處理高7.00%和2.76%,表明有機(jī)栽培措施可緩慢提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量。土壤全氮量受栽培方式總體影響不大。水稻關(guān)鍵生育時(shí)期土壤堿解氮、速效磷和速效鉀的含量均表現(xiàn)為常規(guī)栽培有機(jī)栽培空白處理。2.在拔節(jié)期、抽穗期和成熟期,株高、葉面積和干物質(zhì)積累量總體表現(xiàn)為常規(guī)栽培有機(jī)栽培空白處理,其中葉面積和干物重在有機(jī)和常規(guī)栽培方式下差異達(dá)到顯著水平。在所有類型的水稻品種中,有機(jī)栽培比常規(guī)栽培單位面積的穗數(shù)高,結(jié)實(shí)率降低,有機(jī)栽培下A、B、C、D類型籽粒產(chǎn)量分別減少20.67%、17.46%、41.84%、26.09%,其中有機(jī)栽培下氮高效型水稻A類型與B類型可以保持較高的籽粒產(chǎn)量。3.在有機(jī)和常規(guī)栽培體系下,各類型水稻莖、葉含氮率隨生育期的推進(jìn)呈下降趨勢,四種類型的水稻莖、葉含氮率均在拔節(jié)期達(dá)到最大值。各類型水稻莖、葉、穗含氮率均表現(xiàn)為常規(guī)栽培有機(jī)栽培。在不同栽培方式下,A類、B類水稻莖在各生育時(shí)期含氮率變化幅度低于C類、D類水稻;A類、B類水稻葉在各生育時(shí)期含氮率變化幅度高于C類、D類水稻;A類、B類水稻穗在成熟期含氮率變化幅度低于C類、D類水稻。就均值而言,拔節(jié)期、抽穗期和成熟期水稻有機(jī)栽培下總的氮素積累量分別是常規(guī)栽培的77.08%、94.10%和92.92%,在水稻各生育時(shí)期,有機(jī)栽培下總的氮素積累量小于常規(guī)栽培。4.不同栽培方式對水稻葉含磷量表現(xiàn)為常規(guī)栽培有機(jī)栽培空白處理。在拔節(jié)期,A類和C類總磷素積累量有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培,B類和D類有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培。在抽穗期,總磷素積累量除了氮低效協(xié)同型(D類)有機(jī)栽培略等于常規(guī)栽培,其余均有機(jī)栽培小于常規(guī)栽培,A、B、C類分別減少17.83%、17.50%、3.19%。成熟期則表現(xiàn)為總磷素積累量除了氮高效協(xié)同型(A類)有機(jī)栽培小于常規(guī)栽培,其余均有機(jī)栽培大于常規(guī)栽培。5.除了 D類,葉和穗含鉀量均表現(xiàn)為有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培。莖含鉀量表現(xiàn)為A類和C類在拔節(jié)期和抽穗期有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培,成熟期表現(xiàn)為有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培。拔節(jié)期總鉀素積累量有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培,A、B、C、D四類有機(jī)栽培分別多出7.20%、12.49%、5.44%、16.62%。抽穗期和成熟期除了 A類總鉀素積累量有機(jī)栽培常規(guī)栽培,其他均表現(xiàn)出有機(jī)栽培大于常規(guī)栽培的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the environment and the increasing awareness of health, organic food is growing rapidly throughout the world. However, due to the late start of organic agriculture in China and the strict control of organic cultivation process, there are still lack of deep research on the nutrient absorption and utilization of organic rice. The differences and similarities between the main nutrient elements absorption and distribution mechanism of rice were taken. 4 varieties of different nitrogen efficiency Japonica Rice Varieties (organic and conventional cultivated nitrogen highly synergistic type A, organic cultivation of nitrogen and conventional nitrogen low efficiency low transformation type B, low efficiency nitrogen and low nitrogen efficiency and high change of nitrogen efficiency in conventional cultivation) were selected. Type C, organic cultivation and conventional cultivation of low efficiency nitrogen inefficient synergistic type D) were used as the test materials. With the blank as the control, the growth traits index of rice, the supply of soil nutrients, the difference of the main nutrient elements absorption and quality characters of the two kinds of cultivation methods were studied in order to promote the development of organic agriculture and promote the continuous and efficient utilization of the rice nutrients. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the effect of different cultivation methods on soil nutrient content, in the mature period of rice, the content of soil organic matter in the organic cultivation of conventional cultivation blank treatment, organic cultivation and conventional cultivation are 7% and 2.76% higher than the blank treatment, respectively, indicating that organic cultivation measures can slowly increase soil organic matter content. Soil total nitrogen content was less affected by cultivation methods. The content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick available potassium in the critical growth period of rice all showed that.2. was in the jointing stage of the conventional cultivation organic cultivation blank treatment, heading and maturity, plant height, leaf area and dry matter accumulation in general cultivation blank treatment. The leaf area and dry matter weight were significantly different under the organic and conventional cultivation methods. In all types of rice varieties, the organic cultivation was higher than that of the conventional cultivation units, and the seed setting rate decreased. The grain yield of A, B, C and D under organic cultivation decreased by 20.67%, 17.46%, 41.84%, 26.09% respectively. The nitrogen efficiency under organic cultivation was high. The A type and B type of rice can maintain high grain yield.3. in the organic and conventional cultivation system. The nitrogen content rate of the leaves of various types of rice declined with the growth period, and the nitrogen content of the leaves of the four types of rice reached the maximum at the jointing stage. Under different cultivation methods, the variation amplitude of nitrogen content of B rice stems at various growth stages is lower than that of C class, D type rice, and class A, B type rice leaves are higher than C class, D type rice at various growth stages; and class A, the variation amplitude of nitrogen content of B Rice Panicles is lower than C class and D type rice at maturity. The total nitrogen accumulation of rice under organic cultivation in the mature period was 77.08%, 94.10% and 92.92% of the conventional cultivation, and the total nitrogen accumulation under the organic cultivation was less than that of the conventional cultivation.4.. Conventional cultivation of organic cultivation with organic cultivation, B and D organic cultivation. In the heading stage, the accumulation of total phosphorus in addition to nitrogen low efficiency synergistic type (D class) is equal to conventional cultivation, and the other organic cultivation is less than conventional cultivation, A, B and C are reduced by 17.83%, 17.50% respectively, and the accumulation of total phosphorus in the mature period of 3.19%. is higher than the high nitrogen content. The organic cultivation was less than the conventional cultivation, the other organic cultivation was larger than the conventional cultivation.5. except for the conventional cultivation. The potassium content in the leaves and ears were all shown in the organic cultivation routine cultivation. The potassium content of the stem showed as a Class A and the C in the jointing and heading stage by organic cultivation, and the mature period was shown as the conventional cultivation of organic cultivation. The four kinds of organic cultivation of A, B, C, and D were 7.20%, 12.49%, 5.44% respectively in the organic cultivation of the organic cultivation of the organic cultivation. The organic cultivation of the organic cultivation was more than the regular cultivation of the total potassium accumulation in the 16.62%. heading stage and the mature period, and the other showed that the organic cultivation was larger than the regular cultivation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S511.22

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