發(fā)布時間：2018-06-27 14:01

  本文選題：小麥 + 光呼吸　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：小麥穗部在水分脅迫下具有顯著的生理生化優(yōu)勢。光呼吸是植株正常生長不可或缺的代謝途徑,對植株的正常生長,尤其是在水分脅迫下有重要作用。本研究采用盆栽試驗,選用不同抗旱性小麥品種,測定旗葉和穗部凈光合速率、光呼吸速率、產(chǎn)量性狀等生理指標及光呼吸關鍵酶活性和基因表達差異。獲得以下主要結果:1.水分虧缺下不同抗旱性小麥西農(nóng)928、陜229旗葉凈光合速率隨灌漿進程呈下降趨勢,并且對水地品種陜229旗葉花后24d PN影響較大。西農(nóng)928和陜229穗部PN均呈先增后降趨勢。水分虧缺使其灌漿前期(花后6 d)PN分別下降了13.5%和26.4%。表明水分虧缺對兩個小麥品種穗部凈光合的影響發(fā)生在整個灌漿期,水分虧缺對干旱敏感品種小麥穗部光合速率影響更為顯著。2.旗葉和穗部Pr隨灌漿進程呈先升后降趨勢,12d達到峰值。水分虧缺下旱地品種西農(nóng)928旗葉Pr灌漿后期(花后24d)增幅顯著,增加了105.7%(P0.05);而水分敏感品種陜229整個灌漿期增幅較小,灌漿后期(花后24d)下降了23.6%(P0.05)。穗部比旗葉增幅顯著,西農(nóng)928與陜229花后12d分別升高101.97%和90.97%,且兩個品種穗部Pr均高于對照。3.旗葉中乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)活性先升后降。旱地品種西農(nóng)928花后12d GO活性上升了136.8%(P0.05),其余時期也有明顯增幅;水分敏感品種陜229花后12d上升57.2%(P0.05)。灌漿期穎殼和外稃中GO活性先升后降。光呼吸與GO活性變化趨勢一致。水分虧缺下旗葉GS活性總體均表現(xiàn)為下降趨勢。灌漿中期(花后12d)西農(nóng)928旗葉光呼吸關鍵酶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性上升7.51%,陜229則下降16.7%(P0.05)。西農(nóng)928穗部穎殼GS活性在灌漿后期(花后24d)下降34.2%(P0.05),外稃中GS活性花后24d下降了27.1%(P0.05);陜229分別下降了44.7%和57.8%(P0.05)。GO基因表達量的變化早于GO活性變化,花后3d GO基因表達明顯上調(diào),且在西農(nóng)928中比在陜229中上調(diào)明顯。而GS基因表達趨勢與酶活性結果相近,花后5d下調(diào)更明顯,表明基因?qū)γ富钚云鹬饕饔?基因?qū)λ置{迫的響應比酶活性更早。4.水分虧缺條件下,西農(nóng)928及陜229的千粒重均顯著降低(P0.05),分別為8.14%和11.51%;干旱敏感品種陜229的產(chǎn)量性狀和收獲指數(shù)分別下降了41.4%,16.05%(P0.05),而抗旱品種西農(nóng)928下降相對較小;水分虧缺下,西農(nóng)928的WUE降低21.74%(P0.05),而陜229的下降36.02%(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Under water stress, the panicle of wheat had significant physiological and biochemical advantages. Photorespiration is an indispensable metabolic pathway for the normal growth of plants, which plays an important role in the normal growth of plants, especially under water stress. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to determine the net photosynthetic rate, light respiration rate, yield characters, key enzyme activity and gene expression in flag leaves and panicles of different drought-resistant wheat varieties. Get the following main result: 1. Under the condition of water deficit, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of wheat Xinong 928 and Shan229 decreased with the grain filling process, and had a great effect on PN after 24d of flag leaves in water field variety Shaan 229. PN of panicle of Xinong 928 and Shan 229 increased first and then decreased. The PN in the early stage of grain filling (6 days after anthesis) decreased by 13.5% and 26.4% respectively due to water deficiency. The results showed that the effect of water deficit on the net photosynthesis of panicle of two wheat varieties occurred during the whole filling stage, and the effect of water deficiency on the panicle photosynthetic rate of drought sensitive varieties was more significant. Pr of flag leaf and ear increased first and then decreased to peak at 12 days. Under the condition of water deficit, the increase of pr in flag leaf of Xinong 928 in late filling stage (24 days after anthesis) was significant, which increased by 105.7% (P0.05), while that of water sensitive variety Shaan 229 decreased by 23.6% (P0.05) in late filling stage (24 days after anthesis). The spikes of Xinong 928 and Shan 229 increased by 101.97% and 90.97% respectively 12 days after anthesis, and pr of panicle of both varieties were higher than that of CK. 3. The activity of glycolate oxidase (go) in flag leaves increased first and then decreased. The go activity of dry land variety Xinong 928 increased by 136.8% (P0.05) at 12 days after anthesis, and increased significantly in other periods, while that of water sensitive variety Shaan 229 increased by 57.2% 12 days after anthesis (P0.05). Go activity in glume and Lemma increased first and then decreased at filling stage. The change trend of photorespiration is consistent with that of go activity. The GS activity of flag leaves decreased under water deficit. In the middle filling period (12 days after anthesis), the activity of glutamine synthase (GS), a key enzyme for leaf light respiration of Xinong 928, increased by 7.51%, while Shan229 decreased by 16.7% (P0.05). GS activity in panicle of Xinong 928 decreased by 34.2% (P0.05) at late filling stage (24d after anthesis), decreased by 27.1% (P0.05) at 24d after anthesis in Lemma, and decreased by 44.7% (P0.05) and 57.8% (P0.05) .go gene expression in Shaanxi 229 decreased by 44.7% and 57.8% (P0.05) .Go gene expression increased 3 days after anthesis, respectively. In Xinong 928, it was obviously up-regulated than in Shan 229. The expression trend of GS gene was similar to that of enzyme activity, and the down-regulation of GS gene was more obvious at 5 days after anthesis, indicating that the gene played a major role in enzyme activity, and the response of GS gene to water stress was earlier than that of enzyme activity. Under the condition of water deficit, the 1000-grain weight of Xinong 928 and Shan 229 decreased significantly (P0.05), which were 8.14% and 11.51%, respectively, and the yield characters and harvest index of drought sensitive cultivar Shaan229 decreased by 41.4% (P0.05), while that of drought-resistant variety Xinong 928 decreased relatively slightly. The Wue of Xinong 928 was decreased by 21.74% (P0.05), while that of Shaan 229 was decreased by 36.02% (P0.05).
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.1

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