本文選題：白粉虱 + 營養(yǎng)物質�。� 參考：《山東農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃瓜是世界范圍內的主要蔬菜之一,不僅具有豐富的營養(yǎng)價值,還具有較高的美容價值,深受廣大消費者的喜愛。近年來,隨著設施栽培技術的提高,黃瓜種植在時間領域不斷被延伸,種植面積不斷被擴大化、規(guī)�；�,這也為白粉虱的大面積侵害提供了有利條件。本課題組在黃瓜種質資源研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),某些新種質材料對白粉虱具有較強的抗性,這就為培育黃瓜抗粉虱新品種,在生產中減少化學農藥使用,避免農藥殘留、土壤環(huán)境污染以及粉虱抗藥性等一系類問題提供了新的思路。本研究以本課題組提供的4份黃瓜(4號、13號、19號、76號)抗性材料為試材,以不抗白粉虱的‘大青把’黃瓜材料為對照,探討了不同黃瓜新材料葉片組織結構差異和接種白粉虱前后揮發(fā)性物質、防御性酶基因相對表達量及營養(yǎng)物質的變化,旨在為黃瓜抗粉虱機理進行進一步探究,為抗粉虱黃瓜資源的進一步篩選、抗粉虱品種培育提供理論支撐和科學依據。主要研究結果如下:1.各材料接種白粉虱后,其抗性根據粉虱數量及粉虱量比值可分為三類:13號和4號為中抗,19號為低抗,76號和對照為不抗。2.接種粉虱后,各黃瓜新材料5種防御酶(PPO、HPL、LOX、SOD、APX)基因相對表達量變化差異較大,響應機制從高到低依次為:13號、4號、19號、76號、對照,這與抗蟲性分級一致。3.不同黃瓜材料對白粉虱抗性與葉片厚度、上表皮厚度、柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度無關,而與下表皮厚度、葉片組織疏松度有關,即下表皮越厚、葉片組織疏松度越小,抗性越強。4.各黃瓜材料揮發(fā)性物質均檢測到5大類,苗期主要為醇類、酯類物質,而成株期主要為醇類、酯類和芳香烴類。同時,苗期抗性主要與乙醇含量的升高,己醇、羅勒烯含量的降低相關;而成株期抗性主要與乙酸葉醇酯增加,順-3-己烯醇、3-己烯醛、金合歡烯等物質含量減少相關。5.葉片營養(yǎng)物質含量影響抗性,成株期比苗期表現(xiàn)更敏感。但無論苗期還是成株期,黃瓜對粉虱抗性與葉片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白質、游離氨基酸、維生素C含量呈負相關,而與脯氨酸含量呈正相關。
[Abstract]:Cucumber is one of the main vegetables in the world. It not only has rich nutrition value, but also has high beauty value. In recent years, with the improvement of protected cultivation technology, cucumber cultivation has been extended in the time domain, and the planting area has been expanded and large-scale, which also provides favorable conditions for the large area damage of white whitefly. In the study of cucumber germplasm resources, we found that some new germplasm materials have strong resistance to whitefly, which is to cultivate new varieties of cucumber resistance to whitefly, to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and to avoid pesticide residues in production. Soil environmental pollution and whitefly resistance provide a new way of thinking. In this study, 4 cucumber (4, 13, 19, 76) resistant materials provided by our group were used as test materials, and 'Daqingba' cucumber, which was not resistant to white whitefly, was used as control. The difference of leaf tissue structure of different cucumber materials and the changes of relative expression of defensive enzyme gene and nutrients before and after inoculation with white whitefly were discussed in order to further explore the mechanism of resistance to whitefly in cucumber. It provides theoretical support and scientific basis for further selection of resistant cucumber resources and breeding of resistant whitefly varieties. The main results are as follows: 1. After inoculation of white whitefly, its resistance could be divided into three groups according to the number of whitefly and the ratio of whitefly quantity: 13 and 4 as middle resistance, 19 as low resistance, 76 and control as non-resistant. After inoculation with whitefly, the relative expression of 5 kinds of defense enzymes (PPO-HPLLX, LOXLX, SODAPX) in cucumber varied greatly, and the response mechanism from high to low was 13, 4, 19 and 76, which was consistent with the classification of insect resistance. The resistance of different cucumber to whitefly was not related to leaf thickness, upper epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness, but was related to the thickness of lower epidermis and the looseness of leaf tissue, that is, the thicker the lower epidermis, the less loose the leaf tissue. The stronger the resistance. Five kinds of volatile substances were detected in all cucumber materials, mainly alcohols and esters in seedling stage, and alcohols, esters and aromatics in adult plants. At the same time, the resistance at seedling stage was mainly related to the increase of ethanol content, the decrease of hexanol and basilerene content, and the increase of leaf alcohol acetate, the decrease of content of cis-3-hexenol 3-hexenal, and the decrease of acacia content in adult stage. Leaf nutrient content affected resistance, and the adult stage was more sensitive than the seedling stage. However, the resistance of cucumber to whitefly was negatively correlated with leaf soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and vitamin C content, but positively correlated with proline content both at seedling stage and adult stage.
【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.421.22

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