本文選題：半番鴨 + 生產(chǎn)性能��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：遺傳基礎(chǔ)是影響動(dòng)物體生長發(fā)育的重要因素之一,配套系育種已經(jīng)成為選育優(yōu)質(zhì)品種的重要手段之一。鴨的生長性能測(cè)定和肉質(zhì)相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)水平測(cè)定是評(píng)估鴨種優(yōu)良與否的有效方法。吉林本地鴨具有產(chǎn)蛋能力強(qiáng)、抗病抗寒能力強(qiáng),生長緩慢、飼料報(bào)酬低等特點(diǎn)。番鴨屬于外來物種,主要分布在南美洲和中美洲熱帶地區(qū),品種引入后大多在南方飼養(yǎng),是優(yōu)質(zhì)的肉用鴨,具有生長速度快、瘦肉率高等特點(diǎn),但產(chǎn)蛋少、繁殖能力差、抗寒能力差,引入北方飼養(yǎng)氣候是最大的制約因素,因此選擇適合本地氣候且生長速度較快的肉鴨是目前亟待解決的問題。選擇吉林本地鴨與番鴨雜交(父本為番鴨,母本為本地鴨)獲得半番鴨,選擇番鴨、本地鴨、半番鴨各50只,分開飼喂,試驗(yàn)周期為70天,進(jìn)行生長性能和屠宰性能比較研究,以期選出適合北方生長的優(yōu)質(zhì)肉鴨。并采用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)對(duì)TDG、FABP4、MSTN、MyoD1四種與肉質(zhì)相關(guān)的基因進(jìn)行mRNA表達(dá)量分析,結(jié)果如下:(1)生長性能番鴨和半番鴨的生長速度大于本地鴨,1-3周齡半番鴨體重極顯著高于番鴨體重(P0.01)。半番鴨在0-3周和8-10周的日增重高于番鴨,雖然在4-7周低于番鴨,但是半番鴨的體重在10周接近番鴨體重。(2)屠宰性能半番鴨的屠宰率、全凈膛率和腿肌率均極顯著高于番鴨(P0.01)。(3)TDG、FABP4、MSTN和MyoD1基因在肌肉中的mRNA表達(dá)水平分析TDG基因表達(dá)量在番鴨中最高,與半番鴨和本地鴨差異極顯著(P0.01),本地鴨與半番鴨差異不顯著(P0.05);FABP4基因在本地鴨中mRNA表達(dá)量最高,與半番鴨和番鴨差異極顯著(P0.01),番鴨與半番鴨差異不顯著(P0.05);三個(gè)品種間MSTN基因表達(dá)量均差異極顯著(P0.01),番鴨的表達(dá)量最高,半番鴨表達(dá)量最低;番鴨MyoD1基因表達(dá)量與半番鴨和本地鴨差異極顯著(P0.01),本地鴨的和半番鴨差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,番鴨的生長速度雖然在某一生長階段比半番鴨快,但實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)二者差異不顯著,半番鴨在屠宰性能方面優(yōu)于番鴨,且適合北方的氣候,鴨雛容易獲得。與肉質(zhì)相關(guān)的基因TDG、FABD4、MSTN、MyoD1基因在三個(gè)品種鴨腿肌中均有表達(dá),但不同的基因在不同品種中表達(dá)量存在差異。
[Abstract]:Genetic basis is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of animals and plants. The determination of growth performance and the expression level of flesh-related genes are effective methods to evaluate the quality of duck breeds. Jilin local duck has the characteristics of strong laying ability, strong resistance to cold and disease, slow growth, low feed remuneration and so on. Muscovy duck is an alien species, mainly distributed in tropical regions of South America and Central America. After introduction, Muscovy duck is mostly raised in the south. Muscovy duck is a kind of high-quality meat duck with the characteristics of fast growth and high lean meat rate, but it lays fewer eggs and has poor breeding ability. Cold resistance is poor, the introduction of northern breeding climate is the biggest constraint factor, so the choice of suitable local climate and fast growth of meat duck is the problem to be solved. Jilin native duck was selected to cross with muscovy duck (male parent was muscovy duck, female parent was native duck), muscovy duck was selected, and muscovy duck, local duck and muscovy duck were selected. The experiment period was 70 days, and the growth performance and slaughter performance were compared. With a view to selecting the North for the growth of high-quality meat duck. FQ-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of four genes related to meat quality. The results were as follows: (1) the growth rate of muscovy duck and muscovy duck was significantly higher than that of local muscovy duck at 1-3 weeks of age. The daily gain of muscovy duck at 0-3 weeks and 8-10 weeks was higher than that of muscovy duck, although it was lower than that of muscovy duck at 4-7 weeks, but the body weight of half muscovy duck was close to that of muscovy duck at 10 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of MSTN and MyoD1 genes in muscovy duck were significantly higher than those in muscovy duck (P 0.01) and leg muscle. The expression of TDG gene was the highest in muscovy duck, and the mRNA expression level of MSTN and MyoD1 gene in muscovy duck was higher than that in muscovy duck. There was a significant difference between the local duck and the half muscovy duck (P 0.01), but the difference between the local duck and the half muscovy duck was not significant. The expression of FABP4 gene was the highest in the native duck. The difference between muscovy duck and muscovy duck was very significant (P0.01), but the difference between muscovy duck and muscovy duck was not significant (P0.05A), the expression of MSTN gene was significantly different among the three breeds, the expression of MSTN gene was the highest in muscovy duck and the lowest in semi-muscovy duck. The expression of MyoD1 gene in muscovy duck was significantly different from that in semi-muscovy duck and native duck, but there was no significant difference between local duck and semi-muscovy duck. In conclusion, the growth rate of muscovy duck was faster than that of semi-muscovy duck at a certain growth stage, but there was no significant difference between the two at the end of the experiment. The performance of muscovy duck was superior to that of muscovy duck in slaughtering performance, and the ducklings were suitable for the northern climate, and the ducklings were easy to obtain. The meat quality related gene (TDGG) FABD4 (MSTN) MyoD1 gene was expressed in the leg muscle of three breeds, but the expression levels of different genes were different in different varieties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S834

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