本文選題：水稻(Oryza + sativa��； 參考：《作物學(xué)報(bào)》2016年07期

【摘要】：自然衰老提高了植物對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性,是其生長發(fā)育的重要生命歷程,但在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,葉片一旦早衰,將極大影響作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。為探索水稻葉片衰老的分子機(jī)制,我們對(duì)EMS誘變獲得的一個(gè)早衰突變體esl6進(jìn)行了研究。田間種植情況下,四葉期之前,esl6與野生型無明顯差異,之后心葉發(fā)育成完整葉后葉尖黃化,葉基部保持正常綠色,一直持續(xù)到開花期;在灌漿期,esl6的所有葉片均不同程度地黃化早衰,且葉片上部的衰老程度明顯嚴(yán)重于葉片基部。衰老部位細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)異常,主要表現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞膜破裂、液泡變大和細(xì)胞器不完整等,葉綠體中基質(zhì)類囊體破裂,含有較多的淀粉粒。與野生型相比,esl6葉尖衰老部位的SOD、CAT和POD活性以及超氧陰離子O_2?~、H_2O_2和羥自由基·OH含量均極顯著升高。早衰不僅導(dǎo)致esl6葉片光合色素含量和凈光合速率極顯著降低,還引起esl6的植株變矮和葉片變短,倒一和倒二節(jié)間極顯著變短是導(dǎo)致esl6植株矮化的主要原因。遺傳分析表明該性狀受一對(duì)隱性核基因調(diào)控,利用西大1A/esl6的F_2分離群體,最終將調(diào)控基因定位在第9染色體203 kb的物理范圍內(nèi),為下一步基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基礎(chǔ),有利于水稻葉片衰老分子機(jī)制的闡釋。
[Abstract]:Natural senescence improves the adaptability of plants to the environment and is an important life course of their growth and development. However, in agricultural production, the yield and quality of crops will be greatly affected by the premature senescence of leaves. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence in rice, we studied the esl6 of a premature senescence mutant induced by EMS. Under field planting, there was no significant difference between the four leaf stage and the wild type, but after the heart leaf developed into a complete leaf, the tip of the leaf was yellowish, and the base of the leaf remained normal green until the flowering period. At the filling stage, all leaves of ESL 6 were yellowed and prematurely aged to varying degrees, and the senescence degree of upper part of leaf was more serious than that of leaf base. The cell structure of senescence was abnormal, such as cell membrane rupture, vacuole becoming larger and organelle incomplete, and matrix thylakoid broken down in chloroplast, which contained more starch granulocytes. Compared with the wild type, the activities of SOD cat and POD and the content of superoxide anion O _ 2 and H _ 2O _ 2 and hydroxyl radical OH in senescent site of the leaf tip of esl6 were significantly higher than those of the wild type. Premature senescence not only decreased the photosynthetic pigment content and the net photosynthetic rate of esl6 leaves, but also caused the plants of esl6 to become shorter and shorter, and the first and second internodes of esl6 were significantly shorter, which was the main cause of the dwarfing of esl6 plants. Genetic analysis showed that the trait was regulated by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. Using FST2 isolated population of Xida 1A/esl6, the regulatory gene was mapped within the physical range of chromosome 9 203kb, which laid a foundation for further gene cloning and functional study. It is helpful to explain the molecular mechanism of senescence in rice leaves.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)水稻研究所/轉(zhuǎn)基因植物與安全控制重慶市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)(XDJK2013A023) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31171178)資助 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2013A023) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171178)
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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本文編號(hào)：1972116