本文選題：水稻 + 白條紋��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻葉片光合作用能力決定了生物產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量。研究水稻葉色突變體光合作用的相關(guān)機(jī)制對(duì)提高光合效率和培育高光效水稻品種提供理論基礎(chǔ),水稻葉色突變體性狀明顯,來(lái)源廣泛,是功能基因組學(xué)研究的重要材料,對(duì)闡明葉綠素代謝合成途徑、葉綠體發(fā)育的分子遺傳機(jī)理具有重要意義。本研究對(duì)一份來(lái)源于秈稻品種9311的葉色突變體,進(jìn)行了性狀分析和圖位克隆研究,研究結(jié)果表明:1.該葉色突變體從播種伊始表現(xiàn)為白化,三葉期后白化葉片逐漸轉(zhuǎn)成白綠相間的條紋葉,從葉緣向中脈白條與綠條相間排列,葉鞘也呈白條紋狀,低溫條件下葉片白化現(xiàn)象更明顯。整個(gè)水稻生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中,葉片白色部分相比綠色部分逐漸減少。抽穗期直至蠟熟前期,穎殼也出現(xiàn)白化現(xiàn)象。2.選取突變體6001和野生型9311分蘗期和抽穗期葉片測(cè)定葉綠素含量。在分蘗期,突變體各色素葉綠素a、葉綠素b、胡蘿卜素含量分別為正常材料的50%、65%、52%;在抽穗期,突變體葉綠素a、葉綠素b、胡蘿卜素色素含量分別為正常材料的54%、58%、62%。3.用粳稻02428與突變體6001雜交F2代200個(gè)隱性單株進(jìn)行突變基因定位,初步將基因定位于第6染色體SSR標(biāo)記RM136與RM19715之間,再進(jìn)一步用白條紋突變體6001/02428雜交F2的1300株隱性單株精細(xì)定位,在水稻第6染色體設(shè)計(jì)微衛(wèi)星(SSR)以及Indel標(biāo)記,通過(guò)構(gòu)建的近等基因池進(jìn)行多態(tài)性標(biāo)記的篩選,共篩選出12對(duì)多態(tài)性標(biāo)記,對(duì)這些標(biāo)記在F2代隱性單株中的帶型進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),距離目標(biāo)基因最近的2個(gè)標(biāo)記分別是Y27和RM19732,并分別檢測(cè)出9個(gè)和1個(gè)重組個(gè)體。2分子標(biāo)記之間的物理距離為75 kb,并與標(biāo)記Y26共分離。4.利用測(cè)序和生物信息學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)該區(qū)域內(nèi)共有12個(gè)注釋基因。對(duì)可能與突變體性狀相關(guān)的候選基因測(cè)序比對(duì),發(fā)現(xiàn)基因LOC_Os06g14620 (核糖核苷酸還原酶小亞基)的編碼區(qū)包括第1個(gè)起始密碼子堿基在內(nèi)共有460bp堿基缺失,且在起始密碼子上游也缺失134bp堿基,推測(cè)是st1的等位基因�；虻木幋a區(qū)雖有460bp缺失,但保留部分仍存在起始密碼子ATG和終止密碼子TGA,可能只翻譯出有部分功能的蛋白。
[Abstract]:The photosynthesis ability of rice leaves determines the biological yield and economic yield. Studies on the mechanism of photosynthesis of rice leaf color mutants provide theoretical basis for improving photosynthetic efficiency and cultivating rice varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency. Leaf color mutants of rice have obvious characters and wide sources, which are important materials for functional genomics research. It is important to clarify the pathway of chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular genetic mechanism of chloroplast development. In this study, a leaf color mutant from indica rice variety 9311 was studied by character analysis and map cloning. The results showed that: 1. The leaf color mutant showed albinism from the beginning of seeding. After the trefoil stage, the albino leaf was gradually transformed into striped leaves with white and green phase, and the leaf sheath was also white stripe, which was arranged from leaf margin to midvein white stripe and green stripe. The phenomenon of leaf whitening was more obvious at low temperature. During the whole rice growing process, the white part of the leaves gradually decreased compared with the green part. At heading stage to the early stage of wax ripening, the glume also appeared albinism. 2. Chlorophyll content in leaves of mutant 6001 and wild type 9311 were determined at tillering stage and heading stage. At tillering stage, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene of the mutants were 50%, 65% and 52% of normal materials, respectively, and at heading stage, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene pigments of the mutants were 54 / 622 路3, respectively, of the normal materials. Two hundred recessive single plants of F _ 2 generation of japonica rice 02428 and mutant 6001 were used to map the mutant genes. The gene was preliminarily mapped between RM136 and RM19715 on chromosome 6, and 1300 recessive plants of F _ 2 crossed with white stripe mutant 6001 / 02428 were further mapped. Microsatellite SSRs and Indel markers were designed on chromosome 6 of rice. Twelve pairs of polymorphic markers were screened by screening the constructed near isogenic pool, and the band patterns of these markers in F2 recessive single plant were statistically found. The two nearest markers to the target gene were Y27 and RM19732, respectively. The physical distance between the two markers was 75 kband and separated from the marker Y26. A total of 12 annotated genes were found in the region by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. By sequencing the candidate genes that may be related to mutant traits, we found that the coding region of LOC_Os06g14620 (ribonucleotide reductase small subunit) shared 460bp base deletion, including the first start codon base. The 134bp base was also absent in the upstream of the start codon, which is presumed to be the allele of st1. Although there is 460bp deletion in the coding region of the gene, there is still a start codon ATG and a termination codon in the reserved part, which may only translate some functional proteins.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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本文編號(hào)：1968142