本文選題：芝麻菜 + 農(nóng)藝性狀　； 參考：《湖北大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：芝麻菜是十字花科重要的植物遺傳資源,耐寒性較強并且耐鹽堿、旱澇、瘠薄,對環(huán)境要求低,是北方干旱地區(qū)一種重要油料作物。在本研究中我們考察了 11份芝麻菜材料的農(nóng)藝性狀及各農(nóng)藝性狀之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系及其對單株產(chǎn)量的通徑和回歸關(guān)系。偏相關(guān),逐步回歸和通徑分析表明全株角果數(shù)(X7),每角果粒數(shù)(X8),千粒重(X9)和主花序角果數(shù)(X6)對單株產(chǎn)量(Y)貢獻(xiàn)為正且極顯著,二次分枝數(shù)(X4)和株高(X1)貢獻(xiàn)為正且顯著,而分枝高(X2)對單株產(chǎn)量貢獻(xiàn)為負(fù)且顯著(P0.05)。農(nóng)藝性狀對單株產(chǎn)量(Y)的回歸方程為 Y=-2.134 + 0.010X1-0.011X2 + 0.049X4+ 0.028X6+ 0.019X7 + 0.056X8 +0.465X9。全株角果數(shù)對單株產(chǎn)量直接貢獻(xiàn)最大,其次是每角果粒數(shù),主花序角果數(shù),千粒重,二次分枝數(shù)和株高。二次分枝數(shù)通過全株角果數(shù)對單株產(chǎn)量間接影響最大,其次是株高、主花序角果數(shù)和每角果粒數(shù)。分枝高和千粒重通過全株角果數(shù)對單株產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)輕微的負(fù)面影響。首次發(fā)現(xiàn)芝麻菜黃籽材料,篩選到一些單株產(chǎn)量高、植株高、抗病性好等優(yōu)良性狀的芝麻菜材料。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在20%PEG處理下,芝麻菜根長受到促進(jìn),但是芽長和苗鮮重受到抑制,其他耐旱指數(shù)影響不大。芝麻菜RRL,RSL,RFSW,RSV比甘藍(lán)型油菜品種中雙9號高得多,但RSG,RMGT,RGV和RGDR差異不大。主成分分析表明前三個成分解釋了85.464%的總變異。PC1解釋了43.888%的總變異,PC2解釋了27.846%的總變異,PC3解釋了 13.73%的總變異。UPGMA聚類分析表明,測試芝麻菜材料可以聚類為5個大群。第一個大群基本上對干旱敏感;第二個大群總體是輕微-中度抗旱。第三大群包括具有較高的PC1和較低的PC2,總體比較抗旱。第四大群PC1總體偏低,對干旱高度敏感。第五大群包總體表現(xiàn)高度抗旱。采用SSR分子標(biāo)記,NTSY聚類分析把199個芝麻菜品系和一個埃塞俄比亞芥品系分為7大類群,有4份芝麻菜品系和埃塞俄比亞芥游離在外。三維主坐標(biāo)分析表明芝麻菜可以分為2大類群,其中C9、C86、C132游離在外。二維主坐標(biāo)分析大致將芝麻菜分為4個主要的類群,其中C9、C14、C132游離在外。芝麻菜萌發(fā)5天后幼苗用液體MS/20%PEG溶液處理,提取總RNA進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序并分析。KEGG富集分析表明,在抗旱芝麻菜而不是敏感芝麻菜中,涉及到α-亞麻酸代謝、酪氨酸代謝、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸生物合成,半乳糖代謝,異喹啉類生物堿生物合成,莨菪烷、哌啶及吡啶類生物堿生物合成,礦物質(zhì)吸收等代謝途徑的差異基因,全部上調(diào)表達(dá);而涉及到核糖體,核糖體生物發(fā)生,嘧啶代謝,RNA降解,乙醛酸及二羧酸代謝,氨酰基-tRNA生物合成,檸檬酸循環(huán),雙組分系統(tǒng),甲烷代謝,光合器官碳固定,細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)受體相互作用等代謝途徑的差異基因,全部下調(diào)表達(dá)。BLAST分析表明,PEG脅迫下在抗旱芝麻菜中有47個Unigene上調(diào)最顯著(log2 ratio≥8),包括3個海藻糖磷酸磷酸酶基因,2個丙二烯氧化物酶基因,2個乙烯響應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子基因,2個低溫誘導(dǎo)蛋白基因。與此同時,特異下調(diào)最顯著(log2Fold Ratio≤-8)基因275個,其中包括38個核糖體蛋白基因,4個抗病蛋白基因,2個羧肽酶基因,2個細(xì)胞色素b5基因,4個絲/蘇氨酸-蛋白激酶基因,4個熱休克蛋白基因,3個谷氨酸脫氫酶基因,2個賴氨酸--tRNA連接酶基因,2個核苷二磷酸激酶基因,2個過氧化物酶基因,2個焦磷酸-活化液泡膜質(zhì)子泵基因。克隆了芝麻菜NAS和DREB2A基因并構(gòu)建過表達(dá)載體。建立了芝麻菜高效再生體系和遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化體系。上述研究結(jié)果對于芝麻菜種質(zhì)資源利用,抗旱機制解析與抗旱基因挖掘,具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Sesame is an important plant genetic resource of Cruciferae, with strong cold tolerance and salt tolerance, drought and waterlogging, barren and low environmental requirements. It is an important oil crop in the arid areas of northern China. In this study, the relationship between Agronomic Characters and agronomic characters of 11 sesame vegetables and the path to yield per plant were investigated in this study. Partial correlation, stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the total number of kernels (X7), the number of seed per kernels (X8), 1000 grain weight (X9) and the number of main inflorescence (X6) were positive and significant to the yield of single plant (Y), and the contribution of two branches (X4) and plant height (X1) was positive and significant, and the contribution of branch high (X2) to the yield of single plant was negative and significant (P0.05). The regression equation for single plant yield (Y) was Y=-2.134 + 0.010X1-0.011X2 + 0.049X4+ 0.028X6+ 0.019X7 + 0.056X8 +0.465X9. total fruit number directly contributed to yield per plant, followed by the number of kernels per plant, the number of main inflorescences, 1000 grain weight, two branches and plant height. The two branch number through the whole plant kernels per plant yield. The second was plant height, the number of main inflorescences and the number of kernels per plant, the number of branch height and 1000 grain weight had a slight negative effect on the yield of single plant. It was first found that sesame seed yellow seed material was found to have high yield, high plant and good disease resistance. The research found in 20%PEG Under treatment, the root length of sesame was promoted, but bud length and seedling fresh weight were inhibited, and other drought resistance index had little influence. Sesame RRL, RSL, RFSW, RSV were much higher than those of Brassica napus, but RSG, RMGT, RGV and RGDR were not very different. Principal component analysis showed that the first three components explained 85.464% of the total variation.PC1 explained 43.888%. The total variation, PC2 explained 27.846% of the total variation, PC3 explained 13.73% of the total variation.UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the test of sesame vegetable material could be clustered into 5 large groups. The first large group was basically sensitive to drought; second large groups were mild to moderate drought resistance. Third groups including higher PC1 and lower PC2, overall comparison of drought resistance. Fourth large groups of PC1 were low and sensitive to drought. Fifth large groups were highly drought resistant. Using SSR molecular markers, 199 sesame varieties and one Ethiopia mustard line were divided into 7 groups, 4 sesame vegetable lines and Ethiopia mustard were out. Three dimensional principal coordinate analysis showed that sesame vegetables were available. It is divided into 2 groups, of which C9, C86 and C132 are free. The two dimensional principal coordinate analysis generally divides the sesame vegetables into 4 main groups, of which C9, C14 and C132 are free. The seedlings were treated with liquid MS/20%PEG solution after 5 days of germination, and the total RNA was extracted from the transcriptional group and analyzed by.KEGG enrichment analysis. In sensitive sesame, it involves the metabolism of alpha linolenic acid, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids, scopolane, biosynthesis of biosynthesis of biosynthesis of piperidine and pyridine alkaloids, mineral absorption and other metabolic pathways, all of which are up-regulated and involved in ribosomes and nuclei. Glyoxylic biogenesis, pyrimidine metabolism, RNA degradation, glyoxylic acid and two carboxylic acid metabolism, aminoacyl -tRNA biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, bicomponent system, methane metabolism, photosynthetic organ carbon fixation, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and other metabolic pathways, all down regulated.BLAST analysis showed that under PEG stress in drought resistant sesame vegetables 47 Unigene up-regulated (log2 ratio > 8), including 3 trehalose phosphate phosphatase genes, 2 prodiene oxide enzyme genes, 2 ethylene responsive transcription factor genes, 2 low temperature induced protein genes, and 275 of the most significant down-regulation (log2Fold Ratio < -8) genes, including 38 ribosome protein genes, 4 resistance genes. The disease protein gene, 2 carboxypeptidase gene, 2 cytochrome b5 gene, 4 silk / threonine protein kinase gene, 4 heat shock protein gene, 3 glutamic dehydrogenase gene, 2 lysine --tRNA ligase gene, 2 nucleoside two phosphate kinase gene, 2 peroxidase gene, 2 pyrophosphate activated vacuolar proton pump gene. The NAS and DREB2A genes of sesame vegetable and the expression vector were constructed. The high efficiency regeneration system and genetic transformation system of sesame vegetables were established. The results are of great significance to the utilization of germplasm resources of sesame vegetables, the analysis of drought resistance mechanism and the mining of drought resistant genes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q943.2;S565.9

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