本文選題：基因型 + 施氮量��； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以河南禹州為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn),選用豫麥49-198、周麥16等10個(gè)基因型小麥,研究了不同基因型小麥植株氮含量及產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成之間的差異,并根據(jù)小麥對(duì)氮素生產(chǎn)效率及利用效率的的差異進(jìn)行聚類分析,將以上小麥品種劃歸為氮高效、氮中效、氮低效三類。此后選用氮低效的周麥16和氮高效的豫麥49-198兩個(gè)小麥品種,在5個(gè)氮水平(純氮0、120、180、240、360 kghm-2)下,探討兩個(gè)不同類型小麥在植株氮濃度、群體動(dòng)態(tài)、干物質(zhì)累積和產(chǎn)量等方面的變化,建立了小麥氮稀釋曲線模型以及氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)模型,分析了氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)和相對(duì)莖基部硝酸鹽、相對(duì)生物量及相對(duì)產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系。探討利用小麥臨界濃度稀釋模型來估測(cè)小麥植株氮素盈虧程度以及診斷小麥植株全氮含量高低的可行性。主要結(jié)果如下:1.小麥干物質(zhì)累積量隨著小麥生育期的推進(jìn)不斷增多,拔節(jié)期到孕穗期增加最快。10個(gè)基因型小麥群體數(shù)量都是呈現(xiàn)先增高后降低的趨勢(shì),并且在返青期達(dá)到最大值。2.10個(gè)基因型小麥植株含氮量在整個(gè)生育期內(nèi)隨著生育期的推進(jìn)均呈先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),在小麥播后132d(返青期)達(dá)到最高。10個(gè)基因型小麥植株莖含氮量在整個(gè)生育期內(nèi)隨著生育期的推進(jìn)均呈逐漸降低的趨勢(shì);葉氮含量呈現(xiàn)先先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),在小麥播后132d(返青期)達(dá)到最高;小麥各時(shí)期的莖基部硝酸鹽含量呈現(xiàn)先降低后增加的趨勢(shì),拔節(jié)期以后莖基部硝酸鹽含量增加,這是由于拔節(jié)期追施氮肥所致的。3.以氮利用能力的大小將本試驗(yàn)所有基因型小麥進(jìn)行聚類分析后,分為氮高效的淮麥28、豫麥49-198、太學(xué)12、平安8號(hào)、溫麥19;氮中效品種隆平1301、豐德存1號(hào);氮低效品種隆平1302、隆平9987、周麥16。此基礎(chǔ)上選出氮高效豫麥49-198、氮低效周麥16兩個(gè)小麥品種進(jìn)行深入研究。4.兩個(gè)基因型小麥地上部生物量均隨著施氮量的增加而增加,N180、N240和N360處理間差異不顯著,但都顯著高于N0和N120處理。且滿足統(tǒng)計(jì)意義上的不等式DM0DM120DM180=DM240=DM360。小麥臨界氮濃度與地上部生物量符合冪函數(shù)關(guān)系,通過回歸估計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差分析及模擬值與真實(shí)值之間的線性關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn),模擬值與真實(shí)值之間具有較高的吻合度。說明臨界氮濃度稀釋曲線模型在年度間具有較好的穩(wěn)定性,可作為氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)診斷曲線。隨地上部生物量的增長(zhǎng),小麥臨界氮吸收呈逐漸增加的趨勢(shì),且隨著干物質(zhì)的增加,臨界氮吸收量的增加趨勢(shì)逐漸減緩。5.根據(jù)氮吸收模型發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)小麥品種施氮量為180 kg/hm2較適宜。兩品種的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)隨著施氮量的增加而上升,隨小麥生育時(shí)期的推進(jìn)呈波動(dòng)狀態(tài),且2年變化趨勢(shì)基本一致。在小麥整個(gè)生育時(shí)期,N0、N120處理的氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)均低于1,表明植株受氮素的制約;N240、N360處理的氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)均大于1,表明氮素供應(yīng)充足;而N180處理的氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)一直在1附近波動(dòng),表明施氮量適宜。兩年2個(gè)小麥品種均表現(xiàn)為隨著施氮量的增加,產(chǎn)量顯著提高,但是,當(dāng)施氮量達(dá)到一定數(shù)量時(shí)產(chǎn)量不僅沒有提高反而隨著施氮量的增加而降低。6.2個(gè)品種相對(duì)莖基部硝酸鹽含量隨著氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)逐漸增長(zhǎng),除豫麥49-198越冬期和拔節(jié)期相對(duì)莖基部硝酸鹽與氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)擬合度不顯著外,其他均達(dá)到極顯著水平;兩個(gè)小麥品種的相對(duì)干物質(zhì)累積表示為隨NNI增長(zhǎng)逐漸增長(zhǎng),且與NNI的方程決定系數(shù)(R2)到達(dá)極明顯程度;兩個(gè)小麥品種的相對(duì)產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)為隨NNI的增加呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),且YM49-198的NNI為1.05和0.97時(shí),RY獲得最大值,ZM16的NNI為0.92和0.95時(shí),RY獲得最大值。可見,通過N氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)來評(píng)價(jià)小麥植株氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)的方式是正確及可行的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the difference between the nitrogen content and the yield and yield components of different genotypic wheat plants was studied with 10 genotypes of wheat in Yumai 49-198 and Zhou Mai 16 in Yuzhou, Henan, and the wheat varieties were classified into nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen according to the difference of nitrogen production efficiency and utilization efficiency of Wheat. Three kinds of wheat varieties with low nitrogen efficiency and 49-198 nitrogen low efficiency Yumai 49-198 were used to explore the variation of nitrogen concentration, population dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield of two different types of wheat under 5 nitrogen levels (pure nitrogen 0120180240360 kghm-2), and a nitrogen dilution curve model was established. And nitrogen nutrition index model, the relationship between nitrogen nutrition index and relative stem base nitrate, relative biomass and relative yield was analyzed. The feasibility of using wheat critical concentration dilution model to estimate wheat plant nitrogen profit and loss and diagnosis of wheat total nitrogen content was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. dry matter of wheat is tired. With the growth of the wheat growth period, the number of the fastest.10 Genotypic Wheat Population in the jointing period and the booting stage increased first and then decreased, and the nitrogen content of the.2.10 genotype wheat in the period of returning to the green period increased first and then decreased with the growth period. The trend was that the nitrogen content of the plant stem of the highest.10 genotype wheat reached the highest trend in the whole growth period in the whole growth period after 132d (returning green period). The nitrogen content of the leaves increased first and then decreased after the wheat sowing, and reached the highest in the 132d period after the wheat sowing, and the nitrate content in the stem base of wheat at each period was present. After the jointing period, the nitrate content in the stem base increased after the jointing stage. This was due to the cluster analysis of the nitrogen utilization ability of.3. in the jointing period. After the cluster analysis, it was divided into Huaimai 28, Yumai 49-198, Tai Xue 12, Pingan 8, Wen Mai 19, and nitrogen mid effect cultivar 1301, Fad 1, nitrogen low efficiency variety Long Ping 1302, Long Ping 9987, Zhou Mai 16. on this basis, selected nitrogen high effect wheat 49-198, nitrogen low efficiency week wheat 16 two wheat varieties to conduct in-depth study of.4. two Genotypic Wheat aboveground biomass increase with the increase of nitrogen application, N180, N240 and N360 treatments are not significant, but are significantly higher than N0 and N12 0 treatment. And satisfy the statistical significance of the inequality DM0DM120DM180=DM240=DM360. wheat critical nitrogen concentration and the upper biomass of the relation of power function. Through the regression estimation standard error analysis and the linear relationship between the simulated value and the true value, it is found that the simulated value and the true value have a higher coincidence. The release curve model has a good stability in the year, and can be used as a nitrogen nutrition diagnosis curve. With the growth of the biomass, the critical nitrogen absorption of wheat is increasing gradually, and with the increase of dry matter, the increasing trend of the critical nitrogen absorption gradually slows down.5. according to the nitrogen absorption model, it is found that the nitrogen application of two wheat varieties is 180 kg. The nitrogen nutrition index of two varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen application, fluctuated with the development of wheat growth period, and the 2 year change trend was basically the same. The nitrogen nutrition index of N0 and N120 treatment was lower than 1 during the whole growth period of wheat, indicating that the plant was restricted by nitrogen, and the nitrogen nutrition index of N240 and N360 treatment were all large. In 1, the nitrogen supply was sufficient, and the nitrogen nutrient index treated by N180 had been fluctuating near 1, indicating that the nitrogen application was suitable. The yield of 2 wheat varieties in two years showed a significant increase with the increase of nitrogen application, but when the amount of nitrogen was reached to a certain amount, the yield was not not not only improved but also decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and decreased by.6.2. The content of nitrate content in the relative stem base increased gradually with the growth of nitrogen nutrition index. Except in the winter and jointing period of Yumai 49-198, the fitting degree of nitrate and nitrogen nutrition index in the relative stem base was not significant. The relative dry matter accumulation of the two wheat varieties increased gradually with the growth of NNI, and with NNI The equation determining coefficient (R2) reached a very obvious degree. The relative yield of the two wheat varieties showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of NNI, and when NNI was 1.05 and 0.97 of YM49-198, RY obtained the maximum value, ZM16 NNI was 0.92 and 0.95, RY obtained the maximum value. The way of state is correct and feasible.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1

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