發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 14:11

  本文選題：蛋雞 + 益生菌��； 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：動(dòng)物的胃腸道內(nèi)存在著大量微生物,可以影響宿主的消化、代謝、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、免疫等各個(gè)方面。過(guò)去的研究中關(guān)于益生菌對(duì)腸道微生物菌群和宿主免疫影響的研究比較少,而高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,提供了一個(gè)更深入的了解細(xì)菌多樣性和微生物菌群與動(dòng)物相互作用的途徑。目前,關(guān)于優(yōu)化雞腸道微生物菌群的干預(yù)措施已經(jīng)成為研究的重點(diǎn)。本試驗(yàn)選用600羽羅曼粉殼蛋雞,通過(guò)添加不同益生菌研究對(duì)生產(chǎn)性能的影響,并利用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)肝臟中生長(zhǎng)激素(GH)、生長(zhǎng)激素受體(GHR)、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1 (IGF-1)基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,采集的盲腸組織通過(guò)擴(kuò)增總16S rDNA的V4-V5區(qū)來(lái)分析樣品的微生物組成。采集卵巢組織,利用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)雌激素受體-α受體(ERa)、雌激素受體-p受體(ERβ)、極低密度脂蛋白受體(VLDLR)、催乳素受體(PRLR)基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下：添加戊糖片球菌可以在3-9周齡顯著提高蛋雞體重(P0.05),可以增重4%左右,而添加枯草芽孢桿菌的個(gè)體則體重最輕,添加植物乳桿菌對(duì)影響蛋雞體重方面效果不明顯。但是益生菌對(duì)蛋雞的體重影響在后期逐漸變小,各組之間的體重差異不再顯著(P0.05)。添加添加枯草芽孢桿菌的個(gè)體在產(chǎn)蛋高峰期產(chǎn)蛋率顯著高于其他組(P0.05),最高可達(dá)97.98%,并且可以延長(zhǎng)蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋高峰,相對(duì)于對(duì)照組多了兩周。而添加植物乳桿菌的個(gè)體產(chǎn)蛋率是四組之間最低,添加戊糖片球菌則對(duì)個(gè)體的產(chǎn)蛋率影響不明顯。添加益生菌并沒(méi)有對(duì)初產(chǎn)體重、初產(chǎn)蛋重和初產(chǎn)日齡產(chǎn)生顯著影響(P0.05)。添加枯草芽孢桿菌可以極顯著提高蛋黃重、蛋重和長(zhǎng)徑(P0.01),分別比對(duì)照組高4.16%、3.22%和2.23%,并且顯著提高了蛋殼平均厚度和短徑(P0.05),添加植物乳桿菌可以極顯著提高蛋黃顏色(P0.01),而添加戊糖片球菌對(duì)蛋品質(zhì)未產(chǎn)生明顯效果。通過(guò)16S rDNA測(cè)序共得到285604個(gè)有效序列,每個(gè)樣品平均有效序列為23800+2338條,共得到347個(gè)OTUs。腸道微生物主要由由擬桿菌門(mén)、厚壁菌門(mén)和變形菌門(mén)3個(gè)菌門(mén)組成,占了96%以上,但是這3個(gè)菌門(mén)在各組中所占的百分比有較大差異,擬桿菌門(mén)比率最高的為L(zhǎng)P組的79.50%,最低的為CP組的63.50%；厚壁菌門(mén)比率最高的為CP組的29.20%,最低為PP組的14.50%;變形菌門(mén)比率最高的為PP組的4.90%,最低的為SB組的2.30%。四組樣品的腸道微生物中的Oxalobacter和S24-7_norank這兩個(gè)菌屬差異顯著(P0.05),并且S24-7_norank這個(gè)菌屬只在添加戊糖片球菌的個(gè)體中存在。各個(gè)處理組分別與對(duì)照組進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)添加戊糖片球菌的個(gè)體共有6種菌屬有顯著的倍數(shù)變化(P0.05),分別為Oscillibacter,Oxalobacter, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Gastranaerophilales, S24-7_norank菌屬,添加枯草芽孢桿菌的個(gè)體有5種菌屬有顯著的倍數(shù)變化(P0.05),分別為Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Fusobacterium, Gastranaerophilales, Rikenella,而添加植物乳桿菌的個(gè)體只有Odoribacter菌屬有顯著的倍數(shù)變化(P0.05)通過(guò)熒光定量PCR分析發(fā)現(xiàn)添加戊糖片球菌的個(gè)體肝臟中GH和GHR表達(dá)量顯著增加(P0.05),添加枯草芽孢桿菌的個(gè)體卵巢中PRLR的表達(dá)量和肝臟中GHR的表達(dá)量顯著下降(P0.05)。在產(chǎn)蛋期長(zhǎng)期添加枯草芽孢桿菌的個(gè)體卵巢中ERβ, ERα基因的表達(dá)量顯著增加(P0.05),并且顯著降低了跟產(chǎn)蛋率負(fù)相關(guān)的PRLR表達(dá)(P0.05)。上述結(jié)果說(shuō)明早期定植益生菌可以對(duì)蛋雞腸道微生物組成產(chǎn)生影響,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)或抑制蛋雞的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程,并且這種影響有可能是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)宿主自身基因表達(dá)造成的,然而這種影響具有分階段性,不同益生菌產(chǎn)生的影響也不相同。
[Abstract]:There are a large number of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal, which can affect the digestive, metabolic, nutritional and immune aspects of the host. In the past, there are few studies on the effects of probiotics on the intestinal microflora and host immunity, and the progress of high flux sequencing technology provides a more thorough understanding of bacterial diversity and microbiology. At present, the intervention measures for optimizing the microbial flora of Chicken Intestines have been the focus of the study. 600 Roman shell layers were selected in this experiment. The effects of different probiotics on the production performance were added, and the growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone in the liver were detected by the fluorescence quantitative PCR technique. The relative expression of the receptor (GHR), the insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene, and the collected cecum tissue by amplification of the V4-V5 region of the total 16S rDNA to analyze the microorganism composition of the samples. The ovarian tissue was collected and the estrogen receptor alpha receptor (ERa), the estrogen receptor -p receptor (ER beta), and the extremely low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were detected by the fluorescence quantitative PCR technique. VLDLR) the relative expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene. The main results are as follows: adding pentose Micrococcus can significantly increase the body weight (P0.05) at the age of 3-9 weeks and increase the weight by about 4%, while the individual with Bacillus subtilis is the least body weight, but the effect of adding Lactobacillus plantarum on the weight of laying hens is not obvious. The effect of bacteria on the weight of laying hens gradually became smaller in the later period, and the weight difference between each group was no longer significant (P0.05). The egg production rate of the addition of Bacillus subtilis was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05), up to 97.98%, and the egg production peak could be extended to the control group for two weeks, and the addition of plant milk was added. The individual egg production rate of bacilli was the lowest among the four groups, and the addition of pentose Micrococcus had no significant influence on the egg production rate of the individual. The addition of probiotics did not have a significant effect on the initial birth weight, the egg weight and the day of birth (P0.05). The addition of Bacillus subtilis could significantly increase the yolk weight, the egg weight and the length (P0.01), higher than the control group, respectively. 4.16%, 3.22% and 2.23%, and significantly increased the average thickness and short diameter of eggshell (P0.05). Adding Lactobacillus plantarum could significantly improve the yolk color (P0.01), while adding pentose pentose coccus had no obvious effect on egg quality. 285604 effective sequences were obtained by 16S rDNA sequencing. The average effective sequence of each sample was 23800+2338. 347 OTUs. intestinal microbes were mainly composed of 3 bacteriobacteria, pthickens and deformable bacteria doors, accounting for more than 96%, but the percentage of the 3 bacteria doors in each group was different. The highest percentage of the bacteriobacteria was 79.50% in the LP group, the lowest in the CP group, and the highest in the CP group 29.20. The lowest was 14.50% of group PP, and the highest rate of deformable bacteria was 4.90% in group PP, and the lowest was Oxalobacter and S24-7_norank in the intestinal microbes of group 2.30%. four of group SB, which were significantly different (P0.05), and S24-7_norank was only in individuals adding pentose pentose. A total of 6 species of bacteria with pentose pentacose were found to have significant multiplier changes (P0.05), which were Oscillibacter, Oxalobacter, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Gastranaerophilales, S24-7_norank, and 5 species with Bacillus subtilis, respectively, with a significant multiplier variation (P0.05), respectively, Bacteroide, respectively. S, Barnesiella, Fusobacterium, Gastranaerophilales, Rikenella, and the individuals adding Lactobacillus plantarum only had a significant multiplier variation (P0.05) by the fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis. The expression of GH and GHR in the individual liver added to pentacose streptococcus was significantly increased (P0.05), and the individual ovary of Bacillus subtilis was added. The expression of PRLR and the expression of GHR in the liver decreased significantly (P0.05). The expression of ER beta in the ovary of Bacillus subtilis was significantly increased (P0.05) at the laying period of Bacillus subtilis (P0.05), and the expression of PRLR (P0.05) negatively related to the egg production rate (P0.05) was significantly reduced. The results indicated that early colonization of probiotics could be used in the intestinal tract. The effect of the microbial composition on the growth and development of the laying hens may be caused by the regulation of the gene expression of the host's own, but the effect is phased, and the effects of different probiotics are different.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S831.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 何琦;楊紅;張勇;王芳芳;田啟培;韋世文;張雄;;生長(zhǎng)激素(GH)基因在不同脛長(zhǎng)性狀雞種中的差異表達(dá)分析[J];廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年15期

2 王桂興;劉永新;王玉芬;姜秀鳳;劉海金;;牙鲆GH基因的SNPs與生長(zhǎng)性狀關(guān)系的初步研究[J];中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué);2015年02期

3 榮華;豆騰飛;張麗春;李麗紅;萬(wàn)全書(shū);何昌明;趙平;葛長(zhǎng)榮;劉麗仙;趙素梅;李琦華;賈俊靜;;大圍山微型雞IGF-IGF-1基因表達(dá)量與生長(zhǎng)性狀的相關(guān)性分析[J];中國(guó)家禽;2015年04期

4 崔振威;奇建華;;益生菌的研究進(jìn)展[J];中國(guó)醫(yī)藥指南;2014年32期

5 雷正玉;張曉;;16S rDNA序列分析技術(shù)在微生物檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用（英文）[J];Agricultural Science & Technology;2014年04期

6 李念珍;滿春偉;孫靜;朱慶;熊焰;劉益平;;雞源戊糖片球菌微膠囊制劑對(duì)肉仔雞生產(chǎn)性能和免疫器官指數(shù)的影響[J];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

7 楊志勤;宋悅;竭航;朱峰;劉益平;;家雞生長(zhǎng)激素受體基因外顯子10多態(tài)性分析[J];中國(guó)畜牧雜志;2013年15期

8 林顯華;李春鳳;王靜;王芳;谷巍;;植物乳桿菌對(duì)肉雞生長(zhǎng)性能和蛋白質(zhì)消化率的影響[J];飼料廣角;2013年14期

9 張燕;黃曉靈;季從亮;彭志軍;張德祥;;優(yōu)質(zhì)雞GH基因SNPs與飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率的關(guān)聯(lián)分析[J];中國(guó)畜牧雜志;2013年11期

10 陳仲燦;牟和平;郭金彪;張綺瓊;劉為民;林樹(shù)茂;;GHR缺失突變對(duì)隱性白羽雞肌肉組織學(xué)特性和IMF的影響[J];佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2013年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1806369