本文選題：土傳真菌 + 棉花黃萎病�。� 參考：《生物工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年02期

【摘要】：真菌病害嚴(yán)重威脅作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),給國(guó)家和人民造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。尤其是引起維管束病害的土傳真菌,化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的作用效果很不理想。利用抗性基因進(jìn)行遺傳育種是目前生物防治的重要手段之一,但對(duì)于缺乏抗性資源的物種,面對(duì)強(qiáng)大的土壤真菌病害,研究者也時(shí)常束手無(wú)策。近年來(lái),利用RNA干擾技術(shù)發(fā)展而來(lái)的宿主誘導(dǎo)的基因沉默(Host induced gene silencing,HIGS)策略,在抗病蟲(chóng)害領(lǐng)域逐漸嶄露頭角,但由于真菌侵染的復(fù)雜多樣性及土壤傳播的特性,HIGS在土壤真菌病害中的應(yīng)用充滿(mǎn)神秘和挑戰(zhàn)。本研究室近期揭示了棉花黃萎病(一種嚴(yán)重的土壤真菌病害)的"罪魁禍?zhǔn)?——大麗輪枝菌的侵染結(jié)構(gòu)和侵染過(guò)程;并首次證明了宿主植物內(nèi)源小RNA能夠跨界進(jìn)入病原菌細(xì)胞中降解致病基因表達(dá)的抗病作用;在此基礎(chǔ)上,本研究室利用HIGS在棉花上獲得了對(duì)黃萎病抗性較高的品系,成功地開(kāi)辟了抗土壤黃萎真菌病害的新天地,研究結(jié)果顯示出基因沉默技術(shù)在這一領(lǐng)域強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)用潛力和前景。
[Abstract]:Fungal diseases seriously threaten the yield and quality of crops and cause huge economic losses to the country and people. Especially the soil-borne fungi which cause vascular bundle disease, the effect of chemical pesticides is not ideal. Genetic breeding with resistance genes is one of the most important methods of biological control at present. However, in the face of strong soil fungal diseases, researchers often have no way to deal with species lacking resistant resources. In recent years, host induced gene silencing strategy developed by RNA interference technology has gradually emerged in the field of pest and disease resistance. However, because of the complex diversity of fungal infection and the characteristics of soil transmission, the application of HIGS in soil fungal diseases is full of mystery and challenge. Recently, the infection structure and process of Verticillium dahliae, a serious soil fungal disease, were revealed in our laboratory. The pathogen of Verticillium dahliae was the main culprit of Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium dahliae). It was proved for the first time that endogenous small RNA of host plants could cross into pathogen cells to degrade the expression of pathogenic genes, and on the basis of this, the strains with high resistance to Verticillium wilt were obtained by using HIGS in cotton. It has successfully opened up a new field of resistance to soil wilting fungal diseases. The results show that gene silencing technology has a strong application potential and prospect in this field.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院微生物研究所植物基因組學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(B類(lèi))(No.XDB11040500)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S432.44

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