本文選題：煙草黑脛病 + 煙草赤星病��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：煙草黑脛病和赤星病是危害煙草生產(chǎn)的兩大主要真菌性病害,給煙葉生產(chǎn)帶來極大困擾和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,而培育抗病品種就是有效解決這一問題的根本途徑。本研究以黑脛病抗性品種Beinhart1000-1為母本,感病品種小黃金1025為父本進(jìn)行雜交、回交和自交,構(gòu)建BC2F2,BC2F3回交群體,進(jìn)而利用SSR分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行黑脛病抗性位點(diǎn)QTL定位;同時(shí)對(duì)我們之前定位到的赤星病抗性主效QTL進(jìn)行了人工選擇響應(yīng)研究,初步評(píng)價(jià)了相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記的育種價(jià)值,為進(jìn)一步開展分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)利用黑脛病抗源材料Beinhart1000-1和感病材料小黃金1025配制雜交組合,并以小黃金1025為輪回親本,通過一系列雜交、自交和回交并結(jié)合分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇,選擇出一個(gè)優(yōu)良BC2F1黑脛病抗性單株,進(jìn)而構(gòu)建120份BC2F2及BC2F3群體。對(duì)兩群體進(jìn)行多年多點(diǎn)苗期和大田期共五次黑脛病0號(hào)生理小種接種鑒定,并利用篩選出的119對(duì)多態(tài)性引物擴(kuò)增BC2F2單株。利用MapQTL 6.0提供的MQM模型法和MapChart 2.2進(jìn)行作圖,構(gòu)建兩條煙草連鎖群,1號(hào)連鎖群共含6個(gè)標(biāo)記全長15.36 cM,2號(hào)連鎖群含18個(gè)標(biāo)記全長135.97 cM,并檢測到3個(gè)與黑脛病抗性相關(guān)的QTL,其中兩個(gè)位于1號(hào)連鎖群上,一個(gè)位于2號(hào)連鎖群上。(2)利用與主效QTL緊密連鎖的分子標(biāo)記J9和J4,分析隨機(jī)群體、人工選擇群體和自然群體中響應(yīng)分子標(biāo)記的等位基因頻率,研究相關(guān)標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)在不同群體中的等位基因變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)赤星病抗性主效QTL等位基因在不同選擇強(qiáng)度(5%、10%和20%)的正向選擇條件下都發(fā)生了顯著性偏分離,其中在10%的正向選擇強(qiáng)度下偏分離顯著性最高。(2)在不同世代(F3、F4、F5和F6)的赤星病抗性育種選擇群體中,J9位點(diǎn)抗病親本等位基因型頻率顯著高于感病親本基因型頻率,表明來源于抗源凈葉黃的主效抗性QTL與赤星病抗性顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。(3)在198份自然群體中,包括煙草赤星病抗性品種中煙86、單育二號(hào)在內(nèi)的50份煙草種質(zhì)攜帶與抗源凈葉黃相同的基因型,表明該主效QTL被廣泛應(yīng)用到煙草赤星病抗性改良中。本研究充分驗(yàn)證了之前定位到的主效抗病QTL的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Tobacco black shank disease and red spot disease are two major fungal diseases that harm tobacco production, which brings great troubles and economic losses to tobacco production, and breeding resistant varieties is the fundamental way to solve this problem effectively. In this study, the black shank resistant variety Beinhart1000-1 was used as the female parent, and the susceptible cultivar Xiaojin 1025 was used as the male parent to cross, backcross and self-cross. BC2F2C2F3 backcross population was constructed, and then SSR molecular markers were used to localize the black shank disease resistance site (QTL). At the same time, we studied the artificial selection response of the red spot disease resistant QTL, and preliminarily evaluated the breeding value of the related molecular markers, which laid a good foundation for further development of molecular marker-assisted selection. The results are as follows: (1) using the black shank disease resistant material Beinhart1000-1 and the susceptible material Xiaoguang 1025 to prepare the hybrid combination, and taking Xiaojin 1025 as the recurrent parent, through a series of crosses, self-crossing and backcrossing, and combining with molecular marker assisted selection, An excellent BC2F1 black shank resistant plant was selected and 120 BC2F2 and BC2F3 populations were constructed. The two populations were inoculated for five times at the seedling stage and field stage for many years, and the single plant was amplified by using 119 pairs of polymorphic primers. Using the MQM model method provided by MapQTL 6.0 and MapChart 2.2 to map, Two tobacco linkage groups were constructed. The linkage group 1 contained 6 markers with a total length of 15.36 cm, and the linkage group 2 contained 18 markers with a total length of 135.97 cm. Three QTLs related to the resistance to black shank disease were detected, two of which were located on the linkage group 1. The allelic frequencies in random populations, artificially selected populations and natural populations, were analyzed using molecular markers J9 and J4, which were closely linked to major QTL. To study the variation of alleles of related marker loci in different populations. The results showed that the dominant QTL allele of the resistance to red spot disease was significantly deviated under the positive selection conditions of 10% and 20% of the different selection intensities. The frequency of allelic alleles of resistant parents at J9 locus was significantly higher than that of susceptible parents in different generations of red spot resistance breeding selection population (F3F3F4F5 and F6) with 10% of positive selection intensity (P < 0.05), and the frequency of allelic alleles of resistant parents was significantly higher than that of susceptible parents (P < 0.05), which was significantly higher than that of susceptible parents (P < 0.05). The results showed that the main effect resistance (QTL), which was derived from the resistance to net leaf yellow, was significantly associated with the resistance to red spot disease, and was significantly associated with the resistance to red spot disease in 198 natural populations. 50 tobacco germplasms, including Zhongyan 86 and Danyu 2, carried the same genotypes as those resistant to net leaf yellow, indicating that the main effect QTL was widely used in the improvement of tobacco red spot resistance. This study fully verified the accuracy of the previously identified QTL.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S435.72

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