本文選題：小麥 + 白粉病�。� 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：小麥白粉病,由病原菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici侵染造成,成為小麥增加產(chǎn)量、提高品質(zhì)必須面臨的嚴(yán)峻疾病挑戰(zhàn)。在中國,定位抗白粉病新基因,發(fā)掘抗白粉病材料,進一步推進小麥抗病分子育種工作,是小麥作物研究中非常重要的內(nèi)容。中間偃麥草(Thinopyrum intermedium,= 42,JJJsJsStSt)是小麥遺傳改良的優(yōu)異基因庫,利用橋梁親本小麥-偃麥草部分雙二倍體即八倍體小偃麥(TAI7044、TAI7045、TAI7047等),可以克服普通小麥和中間偃麥草直接進行遠(yuǎn)緣雜交所面臨的雜種不育、后代瘋狂分離、育種周期長、有益基因轉(zhuǎn)移困難等技術(shù)性難題。CH09W80是課題組選育的一個高抗小麥白粉病品系。本實驗以CH09W80和綿陽11為親本,構(gòu)建F,群體、F2群體、BC1群體以及F2:3家系,使用密度為iSelect 90K的小麥基因組SNP芯片掃描,并結(jié)合SSR標(biāo)記對CH09W80的抗白粉病基因進行了初步定位。本試驗主要結(jié)果如下:(1)利用白粉菌對中間偃麥草、TAI7047、CH09W80及其小麥親本(TY768、JC5號、JT170)進行苗期抗性鑒定,結(jié)果表明新種質(zhì)CH09W80與其野生親本中間偃麥草和八倍體小偃麥TAI7047對所選的白粉菌菌株抗性表現(xiàn)相近,而小麥親本TY768、JT170、JC5號均表現(xiàn)為感病。(2)利用白粉菌株E09對CH09W80/綿陽11的F1、F2、BC1群體及其F2:3家系進行成株期抗性鑒定,其F,群體不發(fā)生性狀分離且均抗白粉病,F2群體、BC1群體、F2:3家系均發(fā)生性狀分離,符合3R:1S,1R:1S,1R:2H:1S的分離比。推測新種質(zhì)CH09W80中抗白粉病基因是顯性核基因,并暫時命名為PmCH09W80。(3)利用基因組原位雜交(GISH)技術(shù)對新種質(zhì)CH09W80中滲入的染色體片段進行檢測,在CH09W80中并未檢測到明顯的中間偃麥草外源染色體片段,其原因可能是CH09W80中含有的外源染色體片段太小,導(dǎo)致目前的GISH技術(shù)無法檢測到。(4)利用BSA法進行SSR標(biāo)記初步篩選以及iSelect 90K SNP芯片掃描。用SSR標(biāo)記在抗、感親和抗、感池間初步篩選,發(fā)現(xiàn)染色體2A上Xwmc522具有顯著多態(tài)性;用90K SNP芯片檢測到3198個多態(tài)性SNP位點,多態(tài)性比率為3.92%。其中,2A染色體上所含的差異標(biāo)記最多,達384個。通過進一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),其中313個標(biāo)記位于2AL上,47個標(biāo)記位于2AS上。并且,對差異SNP標(biāo)記的染色體位置的分析顯示,在100-105cM和150-155cM兩個區(qū)域附近分布的差異SNP位點最多。因此,把對CH09W80中的白粉病抗性基因的研究工作集中在小麥2A染色體的100-105cM和150-155cM兩個區(qū)域附近。(5)標(biāo)記連鎖分析發(fā)現(xiàn),篩選到的SSR標(biāo)記與PmCH09W80緊密連鎖,連鎖關(guān)系是:Xwmc522-Xgwm356-PmCH09W80-Xgwm526,兩側(cè)標(biāo)記Xgwm56、Xgwm526與PmCH09W80連鎖距離分別為3.5cM、7.8cM。利用小麥SSR遺傳圖譜以及中國春缺體、端體體系將PmCH09W80定位于小麥2AL染色體上。進一步與位于2AL上的Pm4、Pm50比較發(fā)現(xiàn),PmCH09W80可能是2AL上的一個新基因。
[Abstract]:Wheat powdery mildew, caused by pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici, is a severe disease challenge to increase wheat yield and improve quality.In China, locating new genes for powdery mildew resistance, exploring powdery mildew resistant materials and further promoting molecular breeding of wheat resistance are very important contents in wheat crop research.Thinopyrum intermedium = 42 JJs JsStSt. is an excellent gene bank for genetic improvement of wheat.The hybrid sterility faced by wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium can be overcome by using the bridge parent wheat-Thinopyrum triticum partial diploid, that is, the octoploid triticlopyrum triticum, TAI7044 and TAI7045 and TAI7047, which can overcome the hybrid sterility faced by direct distant hybridization between common wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium, and the progenies are madly separated and breeding cycle is long.CH09W80 is a high resistant wheat powdery mildew strain selected by our team.In this experiment, CH09W80 and Mianyang 11 were used as parents to construct F, F _ 2 population BC1 and F _ 2: 3 families. Wheat genome SNP microarray with density of iSelect 90K was used to scan the wheat genome, and the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene of CH09W80 was preliminarily mapped with SSR markers.The main results of this experiment were as follows: (1) using powdery mildew to identify the seedling resistance of TY768 (JC5) and its parent, TY768 (JC5), the resistance of Thinopyrum intermedium to TAI7047 (CH09W80) and its parent, TY768 (JC5).The results showed that the resistance of the new germplasm CH09W80 to the selected powdery mildew strain was similar to that of its wild parents, Thinopyrum intermedium and TAI7047.The wheat parent TY768, JT170, JC5, was susceptible to disease. The white powder strain E09 was used to identify the plant resistance of CH09W80/ Mianyang 11 F1F2BC1 population and F2: 3 families at the adult stage, and the wheat parent TY768, JT170, JC5, was used to identify the resistance of the white powder strain E09 to the F1F2BC1 population of CH09W80/ Mianyang 11.There was no trait segregation in F, F 2 population and resistance to powdery mildew in F 1 F 1 population F 2: 3 families, which was consistent with the segregation ratio of 3R: 1R: 1R: 1R: 2H: 1s.It was inferred that the powdery mildew resistance gene in the new germplasm CH09W80 was a dominant nuclear gene, and was tentatively named PmCH09W80.63) the chromosome fragments infiltrated in the new germplasm CH09W80 were detected by in situ hybridization (Gish) technique.No obvious exogenous chromosome fragments were detected in CH09W80, which may be due to the fact that the exogenous chromosomes contained in CH09W80 are too small.As a result, the current GISH technology can not detect. 4) using BSA method to screen SSR markers and scan iSelect 90K SNP chip.SSR markers were used to detect the polymorphism of Xwmc522 on chromosome 2A and 3 198 polymorphic SNP loci were detected by using 90K SNP microarray, the ratio of polymorphism was 3.92%.The number of differential markers on chromosome 2 A was 384.Through further analysis, it was found that 313 of the markers were located on 2AL and 47 on 2AS.Moreover, the analysis of the chromosomal location of differential SNP markers showed that there were the most different SNP loci in the vicinity of 100-105cM and 150-155cM.Therefore, the study of powdery mildew resistance genes in CH09W80 was focused on the linkage analysis of 100-105cM and 150-155cM in wheat chromosome 2A. The results showed that the screened SSR markers were closely linked to PmCH09W80.The linkage relationship is: Xwmc522-Xgwm356-PmCH09W80-Xgwm526, the linkage distance between Xgwm526 and PmCH09W80 is 3.5cmm356-PmCH09W80-Xgwm526, and the linkage distance between Xgwm356-PmCH09W80-Xgwm526 and PmCH09W80 is 7.8 cm.The PmCH09W80 was mapped to the 2AL chromosome of wheat using SSR genetic map and Chinese spring deficient body and terminal system.Compared with Pm4Pm50 on 2AL, it was found that PmCH09W80 might be a new gene in 2AL.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S435.121.46

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