本文選題：三河牛　切入點(diǎn)：冷應(yīng)激　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：動(dòng)物冷熱應(yīng)激是制約畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的主要因素之一。論文研究?jī)?nèi)蒙古地區(qū)寒冷冬季及炎熱夏季對(duì)三河牛血液生化指標(biāo)及冷熱應(yīng)激相關(guān)基因表達(dá)量的影響,為三河牛冷熱應(yīng)激研究提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)支持及科學(xué)依據(jù),并對(duì)抗逆性的提高和適應(yīng)環(huán)境具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。隨機(jī)選取內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市海拉爾區(qū)謝爾塔拉牛場(chǎng)三河牛群體中體質(zhì)健康、體重相近、同胎次(2胎)泌乳中期三河牛。試驗(yàn)分3個(gè)階段進(jìn)行,即夏季(2015年7月23日-7月29日)、春季(2016年4月24日-4月30日)和冬季(2015年12月28日-2016年1月3日),夏季為熱應(yīng)激期,冬季為冷應(yīng)激期,春季為非冷熱應(yīng)激期。每個(gè)試驗(yàn)階段選取無(wú)親緣關(guān)系的15頭牛,共45頭。尾靜脈采集抗凝血分離淋巴細(xì)胞,非抗凝血分離血清為試驗(yàn)樣品。測(cè)定奶牛不同試驗(yàn)期的生理指標(biāo);采用酶聯(lián)免疫分析試劑盒測(cè)定奶牛血清中激素、酶、免疫功能和抗氧化相關(guān)指標(biāo);利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量RT-qPCR技術(shù)測(cè)定奶牛冷熱應(yīng)激相關(guān)基因mRNA表達(dá)量。采用方差分析法分析三河牛血液各指標(biāo)在冷熱應(yīng)激和非冷熱應(yīng)激時(shí)期的差異性。1.生理指標(biāo):奶牛的呼吸頻率及直腸溫度夏季最高,冬季最低。春季直腸溫度及呼吸頻率分別為38.41℃和27.07次/min,均處于正常水平。直腸溫度及呼吸頻率夏季顯著高于春季和冬季(P0.05),春季顯著高于冬季(P0.05)。2.血液生化指標(biāo)(1)內(nèi)分泌相關(guān)指標(biāo):奶牛血清中促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素(ACTH)、糖皮質(zhì)激素(GC)、胰高血糖素(GCG)、葡萄糖(GLU)、促甲狀腺激素(TSH)、甲狀腺素(T4)、三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(T3)含量冬季顯著高于夏季和春季(P0.05),春季顯著高于夏季(P0.05);生長(zhǎng)激素(GH)和胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(IGF-1)含量春季顯著高于夏季和冬季(P0.05),冬季顯著高于夏季(P0.05);去甲腎上腺素(NE)含量夏季和冬季均顯著高于春季(P0.05),夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);腎上腺素(EPI)含量夏季和冬季均顯著高于春季(P0.05),冬季顯著高于夏季(P0.05);多巴胺(DA)含量三個(gè)季節(jié)之間差異不顯著(P0.05);胰島素(INS)含量夏季顯著高于冬季和春季(P0.05),春季顯著高于冬季(P0.05);尿素氮(BUN)含量冬季顯著高于夏季和春季(P0.05),夏季與春季之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。(2)酶相關(guān)指標(biāo):奶牛血清中肌酸激酶(CK)和谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(GPT)含量夏季和冬季均顯著高于春季(P0.05),夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(GOT)含量夏季顯著高于冬季和春季(P0.05),冬季與春季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);堿性磷酸酶(AKP)含量春季顯著高于夏季和冬季(P0.05),夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。(3)抗氧化相關(guān)指標(biāo):奶牛血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量夏季和冬季均顯著高于春季(P0.05),夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)冬季顯著高于夏季和春季(P0.05),春季顯著高于夏季(P0.05);谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶(GSP-Px)活性冬季和春季均顯著高于夏季(P0.05),冬季與春季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性春季顯著高于夏季和冬季(P0.05),冬季顯著高于夏季(P0.05)。(4)免疫功能相關(guān)指標(biāo):奶牛血清中白介素-2(IL-2)含量春季顯著高于夏季和冬季(P0.05),夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);白介素-4(IL-4)含量夏季和春季均顯著高于冬季(P0.05),夏季與春季之間差異不顯著(P0.05);腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)含量冬季顯著高于夏季和春季(P0.05),春季顯著高于夏季(P0.05);干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量冬季和春季均顯著高于夏季(P0.05),冬季與春季之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。3.冷熱應(yīng)激相關(guān)基因mRNA表達(dá)量:三河牛淋巴細(xì)胞中HSPA1A、HSPA1B、HSPA8基因mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量夏季和冬季均顯著高于春季(P0.05);HSPA1A、HSPA1B mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量夏季顯著高于冬季(P0.05);HSPA8基因mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量夏季與冬季之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明,血液淋巴細(xì)胞中HSP70家族基因mRNA表達(dá)量的上升,在一定程度上反映其對(duì)動(dòng)物機(jī)體保護(hù)水平的提高。
[Abstract]:Animal heat stress is one of the main factors restricting the development of animal husbandry. The research area of Inner Mongolia cold winter and hot summer effect on the expression of Sanhe cattle blood biochemical index and the amount of cold and heat stress related genes, provide data support and scientific basis for the research of cold and heat stress and stress resistance of Sanhe, improve and adapt has important practical significance the environment. Randomly selected from Inner Mongolia District of Hailar City, Hulun Buir Tara group in Sanhe cattle shell physical health, with similar weight, parity (2 births) mid lactation Sanhe cattle. The test is divided into 3 stages, namely the summer (July 23, 2015 -7 29), spring (April 24, 2016 -4 30) and winter (December 28, 2015 -2016 January 3rd) for the summer, heat stress, cold stress period in winter, spring is not cold and heat stress period. Each phase selection of unrelated 15 cows A total of 45 head, tail vein. Acquisition of anticoagulant isolated lymphocytes were isolated from non anticoagulant blood serum as test samples. Determination of physiological indexes of dairy cows in different experimental period; Analysis Kit determination of hormone in serum by ELISA enzyme, immune function and antioxidant index; using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-qPCR expression was mRNA genes related to cold and heat stress cows. Analyzed by variance analysis of each index of Sanhe blood differences in cold and heat stress and non cold and heat stress period of physiological indexes of dairy cows:.1. respiratory rate and rectal temperature was highest in summer and lowest in winter and spring. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate were 38.41 degrees and 27.07 times /min, rectum are at normal levels. Temperature and respiratory rate significantly higher in summer than in spring and winter (P0.05) was significantly higher than that in spring, winter (P0.05).2. blood biochemical index (1) related indicators of endocrine: cow blood Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in Qing Dynasty, Glucocorticoid (GC), glucagon (GCG), glucose (GLU), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), three triiodothyronine (T3) content in winter was significantly higher than that in summer and spring, spring significantly (P0.05) higher than in summer (P0.05); growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) content in spring was significantly higher than that of summer and winter (P0.05) was significantly higher than that in summer, winter (P0.05); norepinephrine (NE) in summer and winter were significantly higher than those in spring, summer and winter (P0.05) between significant (P0.05); epinephrine (EPI) in summer and winter were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (P0.05) was significantly higher than that in summer (P0.05); dopamine (DA) there was no significant difference between the content of the three season (P0.05); insulin (INS) were significantly higher in summer than in winter and spring, spring significantly (P0.05) the winter is higher than that of urea nitrogen (P0.05); (BUN) in winter was significantly higher than that in summer and spring (P0.05), there was no significant difference between summer and spring (P0.05). (2) enzyme indicators, serum creatine kinase (CK) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in summer and winter were significantly higher than those in spring, summer and winter (P0.05) between significant (P0.05); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) were significantly higher in summer than in winter and spring (P0.05), there was no significant difference between winter and spring (P0.05); alkaline phosphatase (AKP) content in spring was significantly higher than that of summer and winter (P0.05), no significant difference between summer and winter (P0.05). (3) antioxidant related indicators: malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum were significantly higher than those in spring, summer and winter (P0.05), no significant difference between summer and winter (P0.05); total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly higher than that of summer and winter spring (P0.05), P0.0 (spring was significantly higher than that in summer 5); glutathione peroxidase (GSP-Px) activity in winter and spring were significantly higher than those in summer (P0.05), there was no significant difference between winter and spring (P0.05); superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in spring was significantly higher than that of summer and winter (P0.05) was significantly higher than that in summer, winter (P0.05) (4) relevant indicators. Immune function: cow serum interleukin -2 (IL-2) content in spring was significantly higher than that of summer and winter (P0.05), no significant difference between summer and winter (P0.05); interleukin -4 (IL-4) in spring and summer were significantly higher than that in winter (P0.05), there was no significant difference between summer and spring (P0.05); tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha) in winter was significantly higher than that in summer and spring (P0.05) was significantly higher than that in spring, summer (P0.05); interferon gamma (IFN- gamma), immunoglobulin G (IgG) in winter and spring were significantly higher than those in summer (P0.05), there was no significant difference between winter and spring (P0.05).3. cold The expression of mRNA gene related to heat stress: HSPA1A, Sanhe lymphocyte HSPA1B HSPA8 gene, the relative expression of mRNA was significantly higher than that of summer and winter spring (P0.05); HSPA1A HSPA1B, the relative expression of mRNA in summer was significantly higher than that in winter (P0.05); HSPA8 gene relative expression of mRNA in winter and summer without significant difference (P0.05). The above results suggest that the rise in the HSP70 family of mRNA gene expression in peripheral blood, reflect the increase of the animal's level of protection to a certain extent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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