本文選題：水稻　切入點(diǎn)：特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們的保健意識(shí)不斷加強(qiáng),從而對(duì)含有特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的水稻需求也越來(lái)越大。水稻特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)主要是指在水稻種子中積累的一類有利于人們健康的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),包括維生素、油脂、活性多糖、自由基清除劑、黃酮類化合物、甾醇類化合物、必需微量元素、礦質(zhì)元素、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、綠原酸類、含有特定必需氨基酸的谷蛋白、膳食纖維和特定含量的淀粉等成分。這些特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的形成和積累過(guò)程受到自身遺傳物質(zhì)的調(diào)控。本研究通過(guò)分析代謝組與全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析的數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合生物信息學(xué)分析篩選了大量影響水稻特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)代謝的候選基因,利用基因序列多態(tài)性的信息設(shè)計(jì)候選基因的基因標(biāo)記,然后利用水稻代換系衍生分離群體和核心種質(zhì)對(duì)部分候選基因進(jìn)行功能驗(yàn)證,最后利用功能基因標(biāo)記開展輔助選擇育種,改良水稻品種中的特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.利用水稻代謝組與全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析數(shù)據(jù)分析篩選了特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)代謝的候選基因共52個(gè),并根據(jù)每個(gè)基因可能的功能位點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了對(duì)應(yīng)的分子標(biāo)記,得到了其中41個(gè)候選基因的基因標(biāo)記。2.對(duì)水稻花青素與原花青素的代謝途徑中的關(guān)鍵基因包括Ra、Rc、Rd等設(shè)計(jì)了一套功能基因標(biāo)記,不僅可用于水稻黃酮類物質(zhì)代謝的研究,也能用于分子輔助選擇改良稻米顏色。3.利用日本晴導(dǎo)珍汕97B的染色體片段代換系材料衍生的F2分離群體,定位到影響水稻種子胚中亞油酸與亞麻酸含量比值的一個(gè)候選基因LOC_Os11g01340。并且針對(duì)基因LOC_Os11g01340,設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)基因標(biāo)記OSFA-5。4.利用基因標(biāo)記OSFA-5可有效地檢測(cè)到水稻核心種質(zhì)群體的不同單倍型。不同單倍型中的亞油酸與亞麻酸含量及比值呈顯著差異。5.利用目標(biāo)功能基因標(biāo)記開展分子輔助選擇改良水稻品系2-33中的脂肪酸含量、甾醇含量、香味品質(zhì)和花青素含量等特殊營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì),獲得了包括16WRR2-3-12在內(nèi)的20個(gè)品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的家系。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, people's awareness of health care has been strengthened. As a result, the demand for rice with special nutrients is also increasing. Rice special nutrients mainly refer to a class of nutrients accumulated in rice seeds that are beneficial to people's health, including vitamins, fats, and active polysaccharides. Free radical scavengers, flavonoids, sterols, essential trace elements, mineral elements, GABA, Lv Yuan acids, glutenin containing specific essential amino acids, Dietary fiber and certain contents of starch. The formation and accumulation of these special nutrients are regulated by their own genetic material. In combination with bioinformatics analysis, a large number of candidate genes affecting the metabolism of special nutritional quality of rice were screened, and gene markers of candidate genes were designed by using the information of gene sequence polymorphism. Then the function of some candidate genes was verified by using the derived populations and core collections of rice substitution lines, and then the auxiliary selection breeding was carried out by using functional gene markers. The main results of this study are as follows: 1.The candidate genes for special nutrient metabolism were screened by using the association analysis data of rice metabolites and the whole genome. And the corresponding molecular markers were designed according to the possible functional sites of each gene. The gene markers of 41 candidate genes were obtained. 2. A set of functional markers were designed for the key genes of anthocyanin and procyanidin metabolism pathway, including Rahlus Rccr Rd, which could be used not only for the study of flavonoids metabolism in rice, but also for rice flavonoids metabolism. It can also be used for molecular assisted selection of improved rice color .3.The F2 segregated population derived from the chromosome fragment substitution material of Japanese Qingdou Zhenshan 97B, A candidate gene, Os11g01340, which affects the ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in rice seed embryos, was located. The corresponding gene marker OSFA-5.4was designed for LOCOsOs11g01340. The core collection of rice could be detected by OSFA-5. The content and ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in different haplotypes were significantly different. 20 families with good quality including 16WRR2-3-12 were obtained with special nutritional quality, such as sterol content, aroma quality and anthocyanin content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511

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