本文選題：土壤鹽分　切入點：轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花　出處：《生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年16期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：鹽堿地是潛在的可利用耕地資源,但土壤鹽堿化嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展�；诿藁C械化程度低、勞動力成本和生產(chǎn)資料投入劇增、比較效益下降和實施糧食生產(chǎn)安全戰(zhàn)略等因素影響,我國長江流域和黃河流域棉花面積銳減,種植區(qū)域向內(nèi)陸鹽堿旱地或濱海鹽堿地轉(zhuǎn)移,但目前針對鹽堿地轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉種植可能帶來的生態(tài)安全性問題研究甚少,正成為國內(nèi)外研究的焦點和熱點。伴隨著棉花向鹽堿地大面積轉(zhuǎn)移種植趨勢,檢測鹽脅迫是否影響轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲棉抗蟲性,明確其影響程度,直接關(guān)系到轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲棉種植的安全性,也是目前抗蟲棉擴大生產(chǎn)中迫切需要解決的問題。以非轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花為對照,分別在低鹽、中鹽和高鹽土壤種植的棉花的苗期、蕾期和花鈴期采樣,室內(nèi)測定了轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花葉片對棉鈴蟲幼蟲校正死亡率和外源蛋白表達量。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)鹽分脅迫下轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花苗期葉片對棉鈴蟲幼蟲校正死亡率下降了9.22%—47.46%,蕾期下降了31.61%—45.42%,花鈴期下降了3.59%—18.52%;土壤鹽分顯著降低了轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花葉片中外源蛋白的表達量,苗期功能葉外源蛋白表達量下降了7.66%—29.86%;蕾期下降了3.77%—36.85%;花鈴期下降了18.13%—41.02%;相關(guān)性分析表明,鹽分脅迫條件下轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花葉片中外源蛋白表達量與其對棉鈴蟲抗性程度存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,鹽堿土壤顯著降低了轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花葉片外源殺蟲蛋白表達量,從而導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花葉片對棉鈴蟲的抗蟲性下降。研究土壤鹽分對轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花對棉鈴蟲的影響及其作用機制,可為建立鹽堿地轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花田害蟲綜合防控技術(shù)體系、轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉花環(huán)境安全評價及轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因棉安全管理提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Saline-alkali land is a potential available cultivated land resource, but soil salinization seriously restricts the sustainable development of agricultural production. Due to the decrease of comparative benefit and the implementation of grain production safety strategy, the cotton area in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins in China has been sharply reduced, and the planting areas have been transferred to inland saline-alkali drylands or coastal saline-alkali land. However, there are few researches on the ecological security of BT transgenic cotton planting in saline-alkali soil, which is becoming the focus and hotspot of domestic and foreign research. The effect of salt stress on the insect resistance of transgenic insect-resistant cotton was determined, which was directly related to the safety of transgenic insect-resistant cotton. It is also an urgent problem to be solved in expanding the production of insect-resistant cotton at present. Taking non-transgenic cotton as control, cotton growing in low-salt, medium-salt and high-salt soils were sampled at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering and boll stage, respectively. The corrected mortality of BT cotton leaves and the expression of exogenous protein in cotton leaves of transgenic BT cotton were measured in laboratory. The results showed that the corrected mortality of BT transgenic cotton leaves to Helicoverpa armigera larvae decreased 9.22- 47.46 under salt stress. The salt content of soil decreased significantly by 31.61-45.42 and 3.59-18.52 in flowering and boll stages respectively, and the expression of foreign protein in BT transgenic cotton leaves was significantly decreased by soil salinity. The expression of exogenous protein in functional leaves decreased 7.66-29.86 in seedling stage, 3.77 in bud stage and 18.13-41.02 in flowering boll stage. Under salt stress, there was a positive correlation between the expression of exogenous proteins in transgenic BT cotton leaves and their resistance to Helicoverpa armigera. The results showed that the expression of exogenous insecticidal proteins in BT transgenic cotton leaves was significantly decreased in saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the resistance of BT transgenic cotton leaves to cotton bollworm decreased. To study the effect of soil salinity on BT cotton and its mechanism, we can establish a comprehensive pest control system for BT cotton field in saline-alkali soil. The environmental safety evaluation of BT transgenic cotton and the safety management of BT transgenic cotton were provided.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院棉花研究所棉花生物學(xué)國家重點實驗室;南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)部南方作物生理生態(tài)重點開放實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(31501253)
【分類號】：S562

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本文編號：1651713