本文關鍵詞： 棉蚜 選擇性驗 非選擇性試驗 可溶性糖 SOD含量 胼胝質 GhRac6基因　出處：《長江大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：棉花具有重要的經濟價值,是主要的紡織工業(yè)原料之一,但棉花生產中易受病蟲害的危害,嚴重影響其自身的產量和品質,造成重大的經濟損失。棉蚜是危害棉花的世界性害蟲之一,通過刺吸式口器吸食植物韌皮部的營養(yǎng)物質,在取食植物汁液的同時時還會通過唾液傳播植物病害。對于害蟲的防治目前主要依賴化學農藥,但化學防治不僅不利于環(huán)保,而且隨著使用次數的增加,害蟲會對其產生抗性。因此,培育高效抗蟲的優(yōu)質棉花一直是育種學家追求的目標之一。故本課題以棉花-棉蚜為研究對象,首先對四個棉花品種的抗蚜性進行了研究。在此基礎上,通過生物信息學分析,分離鑒定了棉花的GhRac6基因。研究結果如下：1.無論是在選擇性驗中還是非選擇性試驗中,在接蟲24h、48h、72h后,棉蚜對紅葉矮的取食傾向都是最弱的,因此,初步斷定紅葉矮具有較強的抗蚜性。2.本試驗對照與處理的4種棉花可溶性糖含量變化幅度大小為：徐州142中植棉紅葉矮常國紅葉棉。當4種棉花在接棉蚜48小時后,其體內的可溶性糖含量變化幅度最大的是徐州142,最小的是常國紅葉棉,其含量變化幅度與前面棉蚜選擇性和非選擇性試驗結果并不完全一致,王洪亮在棉蚜在不同品種上的發(fā)育歷期和種群數量動態(tài)試驗中也發(fā)現,可溶性糖含量的高低并不影響蚜蟲的生長。該結論也可用王興亞的觀點解釋,即：蚜蟲危害大豆葉片與對照大豆葉片的可溶性糖含量無顯著差異是由于蚜蟲侵害大豆葉片取食糖份,使植物增加的可溶性糖量與蚜蟲取食量達到了平衡,因此變化幅度較小。3.本試驗對照與處理的4種棉花SOD含量變化幅度大小為：中植棉紅葉矮常國紅葉棉徐州142。該結論與前面接棉蚜48小時后,選擇性和非選擇性試驗結果并不完全一致,這是由于SOD酶的調控機制是復雜的,Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD基因的表達量與其酶活性變化趨勢并不完全一致,說明還有其它基因參與酶活性的調控。4.接棉蚜48小時后對照與處理的4種棉花葉片胼胝質相對增加量的大小為：徐州142中植棉常國紅葉棉紅葉矮。徐州142與紅葉矮的結論也與前面的棉蚜的選擇性和非選擇性試驗的結論表現出一致性,常國紅葉棉與中植棉的相對增加量與前面的棉蚜的選擇性和非選擇性試驗的結論不一致性,是由于棉花的抗性機制是復雜的,單一的胼胝質指標并不能代表抗蟲的強弱。5.克隆了GhRac6基因,該基因由636bp堿基組成,分子量為23338.97D,等電點為6.718,編碼211個氨基酸,并對其氨基酸的序列進行了同源分析,棉花RAC蛋白的系統(tǒng)進化樹表明棉花基因GhRac6與陸地棉ADY68837.1親緣關系最近。同時構建了植物表達載體pMD-GhRac6載體,為后續(xù)研究GhRac6的功能奠定了良好基礎。
[Abstract]:Cotton has important economic value and is one of the main raw materials in textile industry. However, cotton production is vulnerable to pests and diseases, which seriously affects its own output and quality. The cotton aphid is one of the worldwide pests that harm cotton, feeding the nutrients in the phloem of the plant through the sucking mouthpiece. Plant diseases are transmitted through saliva while feeding on plant sap. At present, the control of pests mainly depends on chemical pesticides, but chemical control is not only harmful to environmental protection, but also increases with the increase of use times. Therefore, it has always been one of the objectives of breeders to develop high quality cotton with high efficiency and resistance to insects. Therefore, the subject of this study is cotton aphids, aphids, aphids, aphids, aphids, aphids, and aphids. Firstly, the resistance of four cotton varieties to aphid was studied. On the basis of this, the GhRac6 gene of cotton was isolated and identified by bioinformatics analysis. The results are as follows: 1. Whether in selective test or non-selective test, The feeding tendency of cotton aphids to red leaf dwarf was the weakest after 24 hours and 48 hours, so, It was preliminarily concluded that red leaf dwarf had strong resistance to aphid. The change range of soluble sugar content of four cotton varieties in the control and treatment was as follows: cotton grown in Xuzhou 142, red leaf dwarf red leaf cotton, when four cotton species were inoculated with cotton aphid for 48 hours. The content of soluble sugar in Xuzhou 142was the largest, and the smallest in Changguo red leaf cotton. The change range of soluble sugar content was not completely consistent with the results of selective and non-selective experiments on aphid aphid. Wang Hongliang also found that the content of soluble sugar did not affect the growth of aphids in the development period and population dynamics of different varieties of cotton aphid. This conclusion can also be explained by Wang Xingya's viewpoint. That is to say, there was no significant difference in soluble sugar content between soybean leaves and control soybean leaves caused by aphids, because aphids invaded soybean leaves to eat sugar, so that the increased soluble sugar content of plants and the feeding amount of aphids reached a balance. Therefore, the variation range of SOD content in the four cotton varieties of the control and treatment was as follows: middle cotton with red leaves, red leaf Dwarf, red leaf cotton, Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 142.This conclusion was compared with that of aphid aphids in front of cotton aphid for 48 hours. The results of selective and non-selective tests are not completely consistent, which is due to the complex regulatory mechanism of SOD enzyme, which is not completely consistent with the changing trend of the expression of Cu- / Zn-SODn-SOD gene and its enzyme activity. It shows that there are other genes involved in the regulation of enzyme activity .4.After 48 hours of inoculation with APHIS gossypii, the relative increase of callosum in the leaves of four cotton varieties treated with APHIS gossypii is as follows: the relative increment of callosum of cotton leaves in Xuzhou 142. The short conclusion was also consistent with the results of the previous selective and non-selective tests of the cotton aphid (APHIS gossypii). The results of selective and non-selective tests of cotton aphids and cotton aphids were inconsistent because of the complex resistance mechanism of cotton. The GhRac6 gene was cloned from 636bp base group with a molecular weight of 23338.97D and a isoelectric point of 6.718, encoding 211 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree of cotton RAC protein indicates that the cotton gene GhRac6 is closely related to Upland cotton ADY68837.1. Meanwhile, a plant expression vector pMD-GhRac6 vector was constructed, which laid a good foundation for further study on the function of GhRac6.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S435.622.1

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1 吳瓊;棉蚜對四種棉花品種的選擇性及GhRAC6基因的克隆研究[D];長江大學;2016年

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本文編號：1511610