本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小麥 長江中下游 氮素利用效率 基因型差異 相關(guān)性分析　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)》2017年14期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：【目的】對長江中下游麥區(qū)小麥種質(zhì)進(jìn)行氮素利用效率基因型差異分析,明確不同種質(zhì)材料的氮素利用特性,為小麥氮素高效育種及相關(guān)分子機理研究奠定基礎(chǔ),同時探討氮素利用效率與不同生育期性狀的相關(guān)關(guān)系,為建立小麥氮素高效利用的評價指標(biāo)提供參考�！痉椒ā看筇飾l件下,設(shè)置低氮(純氮62.55 kg·hm~(-2))和正常氮(純氮187.5 kg·hm~(-2))2種氮素水平,以主要來自于長江中下游麥區(qū)不同時期的小麥種質(zhì)118份為材料進(jìn)行氮素利用效率基因型差異分析,通過對苗期地上部干重、分蘗數(shù)、葉綠素含量;花期地上部干重、植株氮素濃度、氮素積累量;灌漿期旗葉葉綠素含量;成熟期籽粒產(chǎn)量、莖稈重、籽粒氮素濃度、莖稈氮素濃度、籽粒與莖稈氮素積累量、穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、千粒重、收獲指數(shù)和氮素收獲指數(shù)等22個性狀的測定與計算,研究氮素利用效率與不同性狀之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,并根據(jù)材料的氮素利用效率差異對不同種質(zhì)材料進(jìn)行劃分�！窘Y(jié)果】供試小麥材料在2種氮素水平下,各研究性狀均存在較大的差異。相關(guān)性分析顯示植株成熟期莖稈重、地上部生物學(xué)產(chǎn)量、收獲指數(shù)、穗數(shù)、植株花期生物學(xué)產(chǎn)量、成熟期籽粒氮素積累量、莖稈氮素積累量、氮素收獲指數(shù)和花期氮素積累量均與籽粒產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;植株氮素生理利用率除了與氮素收獲指數(shù)顯著正相關(guān)外,與莖稈重、穗數(shù)、籽粒和莖稈氮素濃度及氮素積累量均顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。根據(jù)2種氮素水平下產(chǎn)量,供試材料被劃分為雙高效型、雙低效型、高氮高效型和低氮高效型。雙高效型和高氮高效型材料對增施氮素反應(yīng)更為敏感。低氮高效型材料灌漿期旗葉葉綠素含量顯著高于其他3種類型,說明氮素脅迫條件下,旗葉持綠性有助于提高植株氮素利用效率�！窘Y(jié)論】供試小麥材料氮素利用效率在不同氮素水平下差異顯著。不同氮效類型小麥材料對氮素響應(yīng)不同,高氮高效型對氮素反應(yīng)敏感,適合于高氮種植;雙高效型和低氮高效材料具有耐貧瘠的能力,是氮素高效育種的優(yōu)質(zhì)材料。在2種氮素水平下,除了植株成熟期及花期地上部干重、植株氮素積累量等常規(guī)指標(biāo)外,植株穗數(shù)也可作為小麥氮素高效利用的評價指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the genotypic differences of nitrogen use efficiency of wheat germplasm in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and to clarify the nitrogen utilization characteristics of different germplasm materials, so as to lay a foundation for wheat nitrogen efficient breeding and related molecular mechanism research. At the same time, the relationship between the nitrogen use efficiency and the characters of different growth stages was discussed, which provided a reference for establishing the evaluation index of wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency. [methods] under the field conditions, Low nitrogen (62.55 kg 路hm ~ (-2) N) and normal nitrogen (187.5 kg 路hm~(-2))2) nitrogen levels were set up. The genotypic differences of nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) were analyzed among 118 wheat germplasms mainly from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Shoot dry weight, tiller number, chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, plant nitrogen concentration, nitrogen accumulation amount, flag leaf chlorophyll content at filling stage, grain yield, stem weight, grain nitrogen concentration at maturity, The correlation between nitrogen use efficiency and different characters was studied by measuring and calculating 22 characters, such as nitrogen concentration of stem, nitrogen accumulation of grain and stem, ear number, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and nitrogen harvest index. According to the difference of nitrogen utilization efficiency, different germplasm materials were divided. [results] under the two nitrogen levels, there were significant differences in the characters of the wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the stem weight of the plant at maturity stage was different. The biological yield, harvest index, ear number, plant biological yield at flowering stage, grain nitrogen accumulation at maturity, stem nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen accumulation at flowering were positively correlated with grain yield. The physiological utilization efficiency of plant nitrogen was significantly negatively correlated with stem weight, ear number, grain and stem nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation, in addition to positive correlation with nitrogen harvest index. The materials were divided into two types: high efficiency type, low efficiency type, and low efficiency type. The high nitrogen efficiency type and low nitrogen efficiency type were more sensitive to nitrogen application. The chlorophyll content in flag leaf of low nitrogen efficiency type was significantly higher than that of the other three types during filling period, which indicated that under nitrogen stress, chlorophyll content of flag leaf was significantly higher than that of other three types. [conclusion] the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat cultivars was significantly different under different nitrogen levels, and the response of different nitrogen efficiency types to nitrogen was different. The high nitrogen efficiency type is sensitive to nitrogen reaction and is suitable for high nitrogen planting, and the two high efficiency and low nitrogen efficient materials have the ability of tolerance to barren, so they are high quality materials for nitrogen efficiency breeding. In addition to the conventional indexes such as shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen accumulation during plant maturity and flowering, the number of plant panicles can also be used as an evaluation index for high nitrogen utilization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
【作者單位】： 湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院糧食作物研究所/糧食作物種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新與遺傳改良湖北省重點實驗室;湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;長江大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院;
【基金】：湖北省科技支撐計劃(2015BBA152) 湖北省創(chuàng)新中心項目(2007-620-001-03) 湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院青年科學(xué)基金(2015NKYJJ29)
【分類號】：S512.1

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