本文關(guān)鍵詞： 甜菜 有機(jī)氮 利用效率 吸收效率 根系　出處：《植物研究》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)對(duì)不同基因型甜菜土壤有機(jī)氮利用及吸收效率的篩選和差異分析,為土壤有機(jī)氮高效基因型甜菜的栽培及品種選育提供理論依據(jù)。2014-2015年選取100份不同基因型的甜菜材料通過(guò)室內(nèi)及田間試驗(yàn)在甜菜的不同發(fā)育階段比較并分析土壤有機(jī)氮效率,篩選出對(duì)有機(jī)氮利用及吸收效率均顯著差異的高效和低效基因型甜菜材料。結(jié)果表明,初步篩選得到的有機(jī)氮高效基因型甜菜材料KWS8138、HI0466和有機(jī)氮低效基因型甜菜材料BETA176、T230苗期全株及根部有機(jī)氮利用效率(Organic Nitrogen Use Efficiency,ONUE)差異顯著;之后通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)對(duì)有機(jī)氮吸收效率(Organic Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency,ONAE)做了進(jìn)一步篩選,發(fā)現(xiàn)KWS8138不但對(duì)ONUE有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì),還具有較高的有機(jī)氮素吸收能力,包括苗期之后對(duì)土壤有機(jī)氮素的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)量較高,合理的根冠比等。有機(jī)氮低效基因型甜菜材料BETA176的有機(jī)氮素吸收利用能力很弱、氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力過(guò)低等限制了植株對(duì)有機(jī)氮素的合理利用,不利于有機(jī)氮效率的提高。因此確定KWS8138為有機(jī)氮高效基因型材料,BETA176為有機(jī)氮低效基因型材料,均可作為進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)的材料。有機(jī)氮高效基因型甜菜較高的土壤有機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量及合理的根冠比促進(jìn)了其對(duì)有機(jī)氮素的吸收,是有機(jī)氮高效的基礎(chǔ)。較高的干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)效率反應(yīng)了甜菜對(duì)有機(jī)氮素的高效利用,是有機(jī)氮高效的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:The soil organic nitrogen utilization and absorption efficiency of different genotypes of sugarbeet were screened and analyzed. To provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and breeding of soil organic nitrogen efficient genotypes sugarbeet. 100 sugarbeet materials with different genotypes were selected in 2014-2015. The soil organic nitrogen efficiency was compared and analyzed in fertility stage. High efficiency and low efficiency sugarbeet materials with significant difference in utilization and absorption efficiency of organic nitrogen were selected. The results showed that the preliminary screening of organic nitrogen efficient genotype sugarbeet material KWS8138. HI0466 and BETA176, the low efficient genotypes of organic nitrogen. There was a significant difference in organic Nitrogen Use efficiency (Nitrogen) between T230 seedlings and roots. After that, organic Nitrogen Assimilation Efficiency was absorbed by organic nitrogen in a field experiment. It was found that KWS8138 not only had significant advantages on ONUE, but also had higher absorption capacity of organic nitrogen, including higher translocation of soil organic nitrogen after seedling stage. The organic nitrogen uptake and utilization ability of BETA176 was very weak, and the low nitrogen transport capacity limited the rational utilization of organic nitrogen. Therefore, KWS8138 was determined to be a genotypic material with high organic nitrogen efficiency and low organic nitrogen efficiency. The higher soil organic nitrogen transport capacity and the reasonable root-shoot ratio promoted the absorption of organic nitrogen. Higher dry matter production efficiency reflects the high utilization of organic nitrogen in sugar beet and is the key of organic nitrogen efficiency.
【作者單位】： 黑龍江省普通高校甜菜遺傳育種重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/黑龍江大學(xué);黑龍江大學(xué)農(nóng)作物研究院/中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院甜菜研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31371686) 國(guó)家甜菜現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系土壤肥料崗位建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-210306) 黑龍江省教育廳科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目(12541623)~~
【分類號(hào)】：S566.3
【正文快照】： 甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.,Sugar beet)是主要的糖料作物之一,還是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,分布在45°~65°N之間的冷涼地區(qū)[1]。目前我國(guó)的甜菜種植主要集中在黑龍江、新疆和內(nèi)蒙古3個(gè)生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域[2]。在甜菜的發(fā)育過(guò)程中,施氮過(guò)量是影響其產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和生產(chǎn)效益的主要原因之一[2~3]。而

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