發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-16 01:18

  本文選題：滾動(dòng)軸承 + 缺陷　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械30%的故障和大型異步電機(jī)44%的故障是由故障軸承引起的。滾動(dòng)體在通過(guò)缺陷位置時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊脈沖，其沖擊脈沖的幅度和波形與缺陷的形狀和尺寸直接相關(guān)，，對(duì)缺陷形狀和尺寸與其沖擊脈沖波形之間的關(guān)系和沖擊脈沖響應(yīng)特征的認(rèn)識(shí)程度將直接影響軸承運(yùn)行狀態(tài)判定的正確性與可靠性。因此，要準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)和識(shí)別軸承早期故障，防止因軸承突發(fā)故障造成的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡，需要解決滾動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)部早期缺陷故障誘發(fā)的非線性激勵(lì)機(jī)理及其振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問(wèn)題。 然而，軸承內(nèi)部接觸的非線性、軸和軸承座的耦合作用等因素的存在，以及滾動(dòng)軸承經(jīng)常處于變速和變載工況等因素的影響，對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承故障，尤其是早期局部缺陷故障的形狀和尺寸與其沖擊響應(yīng)特征之間的關(guān)系尚未解明，制約了早期故障診斷的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。因此，開(kāi)展?jié)L動(dòng)軸承早期缺陷故障非線性激勵(lì)機(jī)理及建模方法的研究，具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 針對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承缺陷非線性激勵(lì)機(jī)理與建模問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展波紋度和局部缺陷激勵(lì)機(jī)理，時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)和時(shí)變接觸剛度激勵(lì)耦合的滾動(dòng)軸承缺陷動(dòng)力學(xué)建模，滾動(dòng)軸承缺陷邊緣形貌特征演變的內(nèi)部激勵(lì)機(jī)理及動(dòng)力學(xué)建模，軸-滾動(dòng)軸承-軸承座系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部激勵(lì)的振動(dòng)傳遞與動(dòng)力學(xué)建模，以及臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證等研究工作。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容： ①針對(duì)目前時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)均勻波紋度模型難以準(zhǔn)確描述均勻和非均勻波紋度誘發(fā)的滾動(dòng)體與波紋度滾道之間時(shí)變接觸剛度激勵(lì)的問(wèn)題，提出了時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)和時(shí)變接觸剛度激勵(lì)耦合的滾動(dòng)軸承波紋度動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，分析了波紋度波數(shù)、幅值和非均勻分布形式對(duì)滾動(dòng)體與內(nèi)、外圈滾道波紋度表面之間的接觸剛度和振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征的影響規(guī)律，揭示了波紋度與滾動(dòng)軸承通過(guò)頻率及邊頻之間的關(guān)系。 ②針對(duì)目前基于單一函數(shù)的時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)局部缺陷動(dòng)力學(xué)模型不能準(zhǔn)確描述實(shí)際局部缺陷表面輪廓誘發(fā)的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征問(wèn)題，基于局部缺陷的實(shí)際表面輪廓形態(tài)特征，提出了滾動(dòng)軸承滾道表面局部缺陷表面輪廓特征的簡(jiǎn)化表征模型，查明了不同輪廓特征局部缺陷的內(nèi)部激勵(lì)機(jī)理及其沖擊響應(yīng)特征，提出了不同輪廓形貌局部缺陷誘發(fā)沖擊波形的基本表征模型，并通過(guò)臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性。 ③基于分段函數(shù)提出了時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)和時(shí)變接觸剛度激勵(lì)耦合的滾動(dòng)軸承局部缺陷動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，克服了基于單一函數(shù)的時(shí)不變和時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)局部缺陷模型無(wú)法描述局部缺陷邊緣的彈性變形與局部缺陷深度對(duì)軸承振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征影響的不足，創(chuàng)新了目前基于單一函數(shù)的局部缺陷模型，經(jīng)與臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，驗(yàn)證了模型及其計(jì)算結(jié)果的正確性，解決了不同類型局部缺陷的內(nèi)部激勵(lì)表征與動(dòng)力學(xué)建模難題。 ④基于滾動(dòng)體與局部缺陷形貌特征及接觸內(nèi)在關(guān)系表征的思想，構(gòu)建了局部缺陷邊緣形貌特征演變誘發(fā)時(shí)變位移激勵(lì)、時(shí)變接觸剛度激勵(lì)與局部缺陷尺寸之間關(guān)系的表達(dá)式，并基于Hertz接觸理論建立了滾動(dòng)軸承局部缺陷邊緣形貌特征演變動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，克服了基于尖銳邊緣假設(shè)的滾動(dòng)軸承局部缺陷動(dòng)力學(xué)模型無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確描述缺陷邊緣形貌特征演變對(duì)滾動(dòng)體與缺陷邊緣之間的接觸剛度及振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征的缺點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)新了滾動(dòng)軸承局部缺陷動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，為滾動(dòng)軸承局部缺陷邊緣形貌特征隨機(jī)演變動(dòng)力學(xué)的建模奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 ⑤考慮滾動(dòng)體與滾道之間、軸承外圈與軸承座之間彈性界面的影響，提出了彈性界面的軸-滾動(dòng)軸承-軸承座系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部激勵(lì)的振動(dòng)傳遞動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，克服了目前剛性界面的軸-滾動(dòng)軸承-軸承座系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部激勵(lì)振動(dòng)傳遞動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確描述軸承內(nèi)部激勵(lì)引起的軸承外圈與軸承座振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征之間的差異，以及不能解釋軸承內(nèi)部激勵(lì)振動(dòng)與軸承座振動(dòng)之間的傳遞機(jī)理的缺點(diǎn)，研究了軸承內(nèi)部激勵(lì)沿軸-滾動(dòng)軸承-軸承座系統(tǒng)彈性界面的振動(dòng)傳遞規(guī)律，經(jīng)與臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, 30% of the rotating machinery fault and large induction motor 44% is caused by the fault of bearing. The rolling body will produce the shock pulse through the defect position, shape and size of the pulse amplitude and waveform and the defect is directly related to the shape and size of defects and the impact of the relationship between pulse wave and shock the impulse response characteristics of awareness will directly affect the accuracy and reliability of the running state of bearing judge. Therefore, to accurately predict and identify bearing fault, caused by the sudden failure of the bearing to prevent major economic losses and casualties, to solve the nonlinear excitation mechanism and vibration response characteristics of the foundation of the key scientific problems in rolling bearing internal defects early fault induced.
However, nonlinear contact bearings, shaft and bearing seat coupling effect and other factors, as well as the rolling bearing is often in the influence of variable speed and load conditions, the rolling bearing fault, especially the early local defect shape and size and the impact response relationship between features not yet clear, restrict the accuracy and the reliability of early fault diagnosis. Therefore, to carry out research on rolling bearing fault early nonlinear incentive mechanism and modeling methods, has important theoretical significance and practical value in engineering application.
According to the bearing defect nonlinear excitation mechanism and modeling of rolling development, waviness and local defects of incentive mechanism, the time-varying dynamics modeling of bearing fault displacement excitation and time varying contact stiffness excitation coupling, and dynamics of internal incentive mechanism evolution of rolling bearing defect edge Morphology Modeling, the shaft rolling bearing vibration of internal incentive system bearing transmission and dynamic modeling, and bench experiments. The main contents of this thesis:
1. Aiming at the time-varying displacement excitation uniform waviness model is difficult to accurately describe the uniform and non-uniform waviness induced by rolling raceway waviness and contact stiffness between time-varying incentive problems, put forward the time-varying dynamic model of rolling bearing waviness due to displacement excitation and time varying contact stiffness excitation coupling, analysis the ripple of the wave amplitude and the non-uniform distribution form of rolling body and the inner and outer ring road between the waviness of surface contact stiffness and vibration characteristics response, reveals the waviness and the rolling bearing through the relationship between the frequency and the side frequency.
The present is based on a single function of the variable displacement excitation can not accurately describe the dynamics model of local defect response characteristics of vibration induced by the actual local defect surface profile, surface characteristics of actual contour defects based on a simplified model of rolling characteristics of road surface characterization of partial defect surface profile of rolling bearings, find out the internal incentive mechanism and the impact of different profile characteristics of the local defect response characteristics, and puts forward the basic characterization models with different profile of local defects induced by shock wave, and the correctness of the model is verified by bench test.
Based on the piecewise function is proposed for time-varying dynamic model of rolling bearing defect displacement excitation and time varying contact stiffness excitation coupling, overcomes the shortcomings of characteristics of elastic deformation and local defect depth based on a single function of time invariant and time-varying displacement excitation local defect model cannot describe local defect edge response on bearing vibration. The current innovation based on local defect model of single function, the test and bench test results were analyzed to verify the correctness of the model and the calculation results, solve different types of defects of internal incentive characterization and dynamic modeling problem.
The rolling body and the feature of partial defects and the inherent relationship between contact characterization based on the idea of constructing the local defect edge morphology evolution induced by time-varying displacement excitation, and the relationship between the expression of time-varying contact stiffness excitation local defect size, and contact is established based on the theory of rolling bearing local defect edge morphology evolution dynamics model based on Hertz. To overcome the defects of the local dynamics model of rolling bearing the sharp edges of the hypothesis cannot accurately describe the defect edge morphology on the evolution between the rolling element and the defect edge contact stiffness and vibration response characteristics of faults based on innovation of the rolling bearing defect dynamics model, laid the foundation for the modeling of rolling bearing local defect edge morphology evolution of stochastic dynamics.
Considering the rolling effect, between the bearing outer ring and bearing seat elastic interface, the interface of the elastic shaft rolling bearing - bearing system of internal excitation vibration dynamics model, overcomes the disadvantages of rigid interface shaft rolling bearing housing system internal excitation vibration transmission dynamics model can not accurately describe the bearing internal excitation caused by the bearing outer ring and bearing seat vibration response difference between features and shortcomings, can not explain the transmission mechanism between the bearing and the bearing internal vibration vibration, bearing vibration of internal excitation along the shaft - bearing - bearing system of elastic interface transfer law, according to the experiment result and table frame comparative analysis, verify the correctness of the model.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.33;TH165.3

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本文編號(hào)：1756663