有毒有害氣體公路隧道射流巷道式施工通風(fēng)技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-26 12:54
【摘要】：伴隨城市的發(fā)展建設(shè),山區(qū)、丘陵區(qū)出現(xiàn)了大量的交通隧道及市政隧道,隧道施工過(guò)程中機(jī)械作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的尾氣、爆破產(chǎn)生的硝煙、地層溢出的有毒有害氣體等控制不當(dāng)將會(huì)在隧道內(nèi)積聚,威脅作業(yè)人員健康和施工安全。為改善隧道施工作業(yè)環(huán)境,保障作業(yè)人員的健康,必須采取有效的通風(fēng)措施。射流巷道式通風(fēng)是雙洞隧道或設(shè)平導(dǎo)的單洞隧道施工中常用的通風(fēng)方式,對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入、全面的研究具有實(shí)際意義。本文以華鎣山隧道為依托工程,結(jié)合CFD軟件FLUENT,建立了雙洞隧道射流巷道式通風(fēng)三維模型(其中左洞充當(dāng)排風(fēng)洞,右洞充當(dāng)送風(fēng)洞,雙洞間由一座橫通道進(jìn)行連接),并運(yùn)用所建模型對(duì)通風(fēng)局部流場(chǎng),瓦斯、硫化氫等有毒有害氣體分布規(guī)律及其影響因素進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬分析,最后研究了射流巷道式通風(fēng)技術(shù)在華鎣山隧道施工中的應(yīng)用情況。主要研究結(jié)論如下： 1)建立的雙洞隧道射流巷道式通風(fēng)模型計(jì)算結(jié)果能夠基本反映實(shí)際通風(fēng)過(guò)程中風(fēng)流的流動(dòng)型態(tài)。 2)對(duì)模型中開挖掌子面瓦斯涌出的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)送風(fēng)洞或排風(fēng)洞掌子面存在一定量的瓦斯涌出時(shí),該洞內(nèi)含有瓦斯的污染風(fēng)流并不會(huì)污染另一個(gè)隧洞掌子面附近潔凈空氣。在實(shí)際通風(fēng)過(guò)程中應(yīng)根據(jù)瓦斯等有毒有害氣體的涌出位置對(duì)送、排風(fēng)洞掌子面供風(fēng)量進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié),避免能源浪費(fèi)。 3)當(dāng)瓦斯在送風(fēng)洞掌子面涌出時(shí),含瓦斯的污染風(fēng)流會(huì)通過(guò)橫通道流入排風(fēng)洞并最終排出洞外,且瓦斯涌出量越大,橫通道內(nèi)瓦斯?jié)舛仍酱�。在�?shí)際通風(fēng)過(guò)程中應(yīng)根據(jù)隧道監(jiān)測(cè)到的有毒有害氣體濃度數(shù)據(jù)及時(shí)采取增大風(fēng)機(jī)供風(fēng)量、加設(shè)局部射流風(fēng)機(jī)等有效措施,避免橫通道與正洞連接處渦流區(qū)內(nèi)瓦斯積聚帶來(lái)的安全隱患。 4)送風(fēng)洞內(nèi)所布設(shè)的送風(fēng)機(jī)起到向各掌子面壓送新風(fēng)的作用,為保證洞內(nèi)瓦斯擴(kuò)散不影響送風(fēng)機(jī)周圍新鮮風(fēng)流,對(duì)多工況下的瓦斯運(yùn)移規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)：與橫通道30m的布設(shè)距離基本能夠保證送風(fēng)機(jī)吸風(fēng)口處為新鮮風(fēng)流,避免掌子面二次污染。 5)當(dāng)硫化氫(重質(zhì)氣體代表)在送風(fēng)洞掌子面涌出時(shí),硫化氫在與空氣混合的過(guò)程中靠近地表處硫化氫濃度高于靠近拱頂?shù)牧蚧瘹錆舛?與瓦斯(輕質(zhì)氣體代表)和空氣混合規(guī)律相反。在實(shí)際通風(fēng)過(guò)程中根據(jù)不同的有毒有害氣體特性合理確定通風(fēng)管、射流風(fēng)機(jī)等的布設(shè)位置。 6)華鎣山隧道施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示：送、排風(fēng)洞掌子面前15m處硫化氫、一氧化碳隨通風(fēng)時(shí)間的變化均遵循“快速增大,逐漸減小”的特點(diǎn),爆破后產(chǎn)生有毒有害氣體量不同,濃度達(dá)到峰值及降低到規(guī)范規(guī)定上限值以下所需時(shí)間也不同。
[Abstract]:With the development and construction of the city, there are a large number of traffic tunnels and municipal tunnels in mountainous and hilly areas. The exhaust gas produced by mechanical operation, nitrate smoke produced by blasting and toxic and harmful gases spilled from strata will accumulate in the tunnel, threatening the health of operators and construction safety. In order to improve the working environment of tunnel construction and ensure the health of operators, effective ventilation measures must be taken. Tunnel ventilation in jet roadway is a common ventilation mode in the construction of double-tunnel or single-tunnel with flat guide. It is of practical significance to carry out in-depth and comprehensive research on it. In this paper, based on Huaying Mountain Tunnel and CFD software FLUENT, a three-dimensional model of jet tunnel ventilation in double tunnel is established (in which the left tunnel acts as the exhaust wind tunnel, the right hole acts as the transmission wind tunnel, and the double holes are connected by a transverse channel). The distribution law and influencing factors of toxic and harmful gases such as ventilation local flow field, gas, hydrogen sulfide and so on are simulated and analyzed by using the established model. Finally, the application of jet roadway ventilation technology in Huaying Mountain tunnel construction is studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the calculation results of the jet tunnel ventilation model can basically reflect the flow pattern of air flow in the actual ventilation process. 2) the numerical simulation results of gas emission from the excavated palm surface in the model show that when there is a certain amount of gas emission from the palm surface of the wind tunnel or exhaust wind tunnel, the polluted wind flow containing gas in the tunnel will not pollute the clean air near the palm surface of the other tunnel. In the actual ventilation process, the air supply volume should be properly adjusted according to the emission position of gas and other toxic and harmful gases, so as to avoid energy waste. 3) when the gas is emitted from the palm surface of the wind tunnel, the polluted air flow of gas will flow into the exhaust wind tunnel through the transverse channel and finally discharge out of the tunnel, and the larger the gas emission is, the greater the gas concentration in the transverse channel will be. In the actual ventilation process, according to the concentration data of toxic and harmful gases monitored by the tunnel, effective measures such as increasing the air supply volume of the fan and setting up the local jet fan should be taken in time to avoid the hidden danger of gas accumulation in the vortex area at the connection between the transverse channel and the positive tunnel. 4) the fan arranged in the air supply tunnel plays the role of pressing fresh air to each palm surface. In order to ensure that the gas diffusion in the tunnel does not affect the fresh air flow around the air supply fan, it is found that the gas migration law under multiple working conditions can basically ensure the fresh air flow at the suction outlet of the air supply fan and avoid the secondary pollution of the palm surface. 5) when hydrogen sulfide (heavy gas representative) is emitted from the palm surface of wind tunnel, the hydrogen sulfide concentration near the surface is higher than that near the arch roof in the process of mixing with air, which is contrary to the law of gas (light gas representative) and air mixing. In the actual ventilation process, the layout position of ventilation pipe, jet fan and so on is determined reasonably according to different toxic and harmful gas characteristics. 6) the monitoring results of Huayingshan tunnel construction site show that the change of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide at 15m in front of the palm of the exhaust tunnel follows the characteristics of "rapid increase and decrease gradually" with the ventilation time. The amount of toxic and harmful gas produced after blasting is different, and the time required for the concentration to reach the peak value and fall below the upper limit value of the code is also different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U453.5
本文編號(hào)：2506193
[Abstract]:With the development and construction of the city, there are a large number of traffic tunnels and municipal tunnels in mountainous and hilly areas. The exhaust gas produced by mechanical operation, nitrate smoke produced by blasting and toxic and harmful gases spilled from strata will accumulate in the tunnel, threatening the health of operators and construction safety. In order to improve the working environment of tunnel construction and ensure the health of operators, effective ventilation measures must be taken. Tunnel ventilation in jet roadway is a common ventilation mode in the construction of double-tunnel or single-tunnel with flat guide. It is of practical significance to carry out in-depth and comprehensive research on it. In this paper, based on Huaying Mountain Tunnel and CFD software FLUENT, a three-dimensional model of jet tunnel ventilation in double tunnel is established (in which the left tunnel acts as the exhaust wind tunnel, the right hole acts as the transmission wind tunnel, and the double holes are connected by a transverse channel). The distribution law and influencing factors of toxic and harmful gases such as ventilation local flow field, gas, hydrogen sulfide and so on are simulated and analyzed by using the established model. Finally, the application of jet roadway ventilation technology in Huaying Mountain tunnel construction is studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the calculation results of the jet tunnel ventilation model can basically reflect the flow pattern of air flow in the actual ventilation process. 2) the numerical simulation results of gas emission from the excavated palm surface in the model show that when there is a certain amount of gas emission from the palm surface of the wind tunnel or exhaust wind tunnel, the polluted wind flow containing gas in the tunnel will not pollute the clean air near the palm surface of the other tunnel. In the actual ventilation process, the air supply volume should be properly adjusted according to the emission position of gas and other toxic and harmful gases, so as to avoid energy waste. 3) when the gas is emitted from the palm surface of the wind tunnel, the polluted air flow of gas will flow into the exhaust wind tunnel through the transverse channel and finally discharge out of the tunnel, and the larger the gas emission is, the greater the gas concentration in the transverse channel will be. In the actual ventilation process, according to the concentration data of toxic and harmful gases monitored by the tunnel, effective measures such as increasing the air supply volume of the fan and setting up the local jet fan should be taken in time to avoid the hidden danger of gas accumulation in the vortex area at the connection between the transverse channel and the positive tunnel. 4) the fan arranged in the air supply tunnel plays the role of pressing fresh air to each palm surface. In order to ensure that the gas diffusion in the tunnel does not affect the fresh air flow around the air supply fan, it is found that the gas migration law under multiple working conditions can basically ensure the fresh air flow at the suction outlet of the air supply fan and avoid the secondary pollution of the palm surface. 5) when hydrogen sulfide (heavy gas representative) is emitted from the palm surface of wind tunnel, the hydrogen sulfide concentration near the surface is higher than that near the arch roof in the process of mixing with air, which is contrary to the law of gas (light gas representative) and air mixing. In the actual ventilation process, the layout position of ventilation pipe, jet fan and so on is determined reasonably according to different toxic and harmful gas characteristics. 6) the monitoring results of Huayingshan tunnel construction site show that the change of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide at 15m in front of the palm of the exhaust tunnel follows the characteristics of "rapid increase and decrease gradually" with the ventilation time. The amount of toxic and harmful gas produced after blasting is different, and the time required for the concentration to reach the peak value and fall below the upper limit value of the code is also different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U453.5
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