【摘要】：長江水系是位居我國八大水系之首、通航里程最長、流域面積達180萬平方公里的一個水系，是亞洲第一和世界第三大河流，我國40%以上的經(jīng)濟總量匯集在長江干線沿江的七省二市，已成為我國內(nèi)河水運最重要、運輸規(guī)模最大和最為繁忙的通航河流。近些年來，外貿(mào)運輸需求量的高速增長加快了長江流域和沿海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟的頻繁往來，也大大增加了散貨進出口量，這為長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運的快速發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎。 本文首先是從長江水系水運運輸系統(tǒng)著手來分別分析長江水系地理環(huán)境、沿江港口概況、航道建設現(xiàn)狀、各主要港口發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及長江水系散貨運輸組織方式，，了解到長江水系有良好的地理區(qū)位、發(fā)達的航運網(wǎng)絡、較好的航道條件以及優(yōu)越的自然條件。但是同時長江水系還存在某些航段的航運能力受到航道條件的限制、三峽船閘通航能力較低、干線中游有較多的淺灘等不良情況，這些問題都會影響長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運的發(fā)展，所以急需國家和沿江各省市采取一些有力措施解決這些問題。 其次，本文又介紹了長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運運輸流程的三個步驟并展示了運輸流程圖。其中，運輸流程主要包括內(nèi)陸腹地陸路運輸、內(nèi)河運輸和海上運輸三個步驟。同時也進一步分析了影響長江水系江海聯(lián)運運輸網(wǎng)絡的四大因素即貨物需求、航道建設、港口建設和船型選擇，主要分析了它們對江海聯(lián)運運輸網(wǎng)絡的影響過程和作用程度，并且得知它們之間相互聯(lián)系、相互影響、不可分割，形成了一個良性的循環(huán)。 通過對長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運各方面的描述和分析，并且為了達到優(yōu)化運輸網(wǎng)絡布局的目的，本文虛設了一級港口群并設置了一些假設條件，然后綜合考慮船舶噸級、航道條件、港口建設、貨物供應量、貨物需求量等約束條件，最終建立了以運輸總成本最小為目標的模型。 將實例應用于模型并進行運算，得到了運輸總成本最低情況下的長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運的運輸路徑選擇、散貨接收港和中轉港的選擇、運輸船舶噸級的選擇以及每條路徑上的年貨運量等相關參數(shù)，從而為長江水系散貨江海聯(lián)運的發(fā)展提供一些建設性的意見。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River system ranks first among the eight largest water systems in China, with the longest navigable mileage, with an area of 1.8 million square kilometers. It is the first river in Asia and the third largest in the world. More than 40% of China's total economic output is concentrated in the seven provinces and two cities along the Yangtze River trunk line, which has become the most important, largest and busiest navigable river in China. In recent years, the rapid growth of foreign trade transportation demand has accelerated the frequent economic exchanges between the Yangtze River Basin and coastal areas, and also greatly increased the volume of bulk cargo imports and exports, which laid a good foundation for the rapid development of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system. First of all, this paper analyzes the geographical environment of the Yangtze River system, the general situation of ports along the Yangtze River, the present situation of waterway construction, the development status of each major port and the organization mode of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system from the point of view of the water transportation system of the Yangtze River system. It is understood that the Yangtze River system has good geographical location, developed shipping network, good waterway conditions and superior natural conditions. However, at the same time, there are still some bad conditions such as the shipping capacity of some sections of the Yangtze River system is limited by waterway conditions, the navigation capacity of the three Gorges shiplock is low, and there are more shoals in the middle reaches of the trunk line. These problems will affect the development of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system, so it is urgent for the state and provinces and cities along the Yangtze River to take some effective measures to solve these problems. Secondly, this paper introduces the three steps of the transportation flow of bulk cargo in the Yangtze River system and shows the transportation flow chart. Among them, the transportation process mainly includes inland hinterland transportation, inland waterway transportation and maritime transportation. At the same time, this paper further analyzes the four factors that affect the river and sea transport network of the Yangtze River system, namely, the demand for goods, the construction of waterway, the construction of port and the choice of ship type, and mainly analyzes the influence process and degree of their influence on the transportation network of river and sea. And know that they are related to each other, mutual influence, inseparable, forming a virtuous circle. Through the description and analysis of various aspects of bulk cargo transportation in the Yangtze River system, and in order to optimize the layout of the transportation network, this paper sets up a virtual first-level port group and sets some hypothetical conditions, and then comprehensively considers the tonnage of the ship. Finally, the model with the goal of minimizing the total cost of transportation is established under the constraints of waterway conditions, port construction, cargo supply, cargo demand and so on. The example is applied to the model and calculated, and the choice of transportation path, receiving port and transit port of bulk cargo in the Yangtze River system is obtained under the condition of the lowest total transportation cost. The selection of tonnage of transport ships and the annual freight volume on each path provide some constructive suggestions for the development of bulk cargo transport in the Yangtze River system.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U695.2

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