【摘要】：風(fēng)積雪是季凍區(qū)常見(jiàn)的一種氣流混雜雪粒的湍流運(yùn)動(dòng)，災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)，雪粒飛舞，路面能見(jiàn)度急劇降低，駕駛員無(wú)法正確判斷路面行駛狀況，極易引發(fā)交通事故；路面、路側(cè)產(chǎn)生大量的積雪，輕則阻塞交通，重則交通線路直接癱瘓，造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失；除雪過(guò)程再次加重了交通的擁堵，而且對(duì)路面、路面設(shè)施造成明顯損壞，影響使用壽命，降低了安全系數(shù)。研究風(fēng)積雪災(zāi)害的發(fā)展與分布規(guī)律，對(duì)于提高季凍區(qū)道路行車安全性和道路耐久性有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文在總結(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，首先研究了雪粒的受力形態(tài)，找到雪粒沉積的動(dòng)力因素是風(fēng)速的梯度變化，進(jìn)而知道雪粒沉積分布和風(fēng)速流場(chǎng)分布密切相關(guān)。分析了風(fēng)積雪產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)和動(dòng)力條件，進(jìn)一步研究了風(fēng)積雪從雪粒起動(dòng)到雪流飽和的全過(guò)程，并給出了相關(guān)計(jì)算公式。接著從自然條件和道路參數(shù)兩方面研究了風(fēng)積雪災(zāi)害的影響因素，主要是研究了不同因素導(dǎo)致風(fēng)速的變化、起動(dòng)條件的變化、雪流形態(tài)的變化。 論文以吉林省為例，分析了季凍區(qū)的氣候特點(diǎn)和時(shí)空分布規(guī)律，主要是風(fēng)積雪害多發(fā)的春冬季節(jié)，季凍區(qū)的氣溫、氣壓、風(fēng)速、降水、降雪時(shí)空分布；分析了風(fēng)積雪害地區(qū)，雪流自身的垂直和水平分布規(guī)律。 論文通過(guò)建立Fluent流體力學(xué)模型，將風(fēng)積雪流二相湍流的分析轉(zhuǎn)換成純空氣場(chǎng)單相湍流的分析，分析不同路基斷面形式下，路面附近空間的風(fēng)速流場(chǎng)變化，找到風(fēng)速減速區(qū)，運(yùn)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)，確定了水平加速度和積雪線分布，從而找到雪粒的沉積規(guī)律。 最后，論文研究了季凍區(qū)積雪公路的防雪、治雪措施，并對(duì)常見(jiàn)的防雪設(shè)施的作用機(jī)理做了分析，，并提出了設(shè)置時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題和相關(guān)建議參數(shù)。 本文研究成果將為季凍區(qū)公路風(fēng)積雪災(zāi)害的預(yù)防和治理提供理論和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Wind and snow cover is a kind of turbulent motion of air flow mixed with snow particles in seasonal frozen area. When the disaster occurs, snow particles fly, the visibility of road surface is reduced sharply, the driver can not correctly judge the driving condition of the road surface, so it is easy to cause traffic accidents. Road surface, side of the road produced a large amount of snow, light traffic congestion, heavy traffic lines directly paralyzed, resulting in huge economic losses; The snow removal process once again aggravated the traffic congestion, and caused obvious damage to the pavement and pavement facilities, which affected the service life and reduced the safety factor. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the development and distribution of wind-snow disasters for improving road safety and road durability in seasonal frozen areas. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, this paper first studies the force form of snow particles, finds out that the dynamic factor of snow particle deposition is the gradient change of wind speed, and then knows that the distribution of snow grain deposition is closely related to the distribution of wind velocity flow field. The material and dynamic conditions of wind-snow cover are analyzed, and the whole process from the start of snow particles to the saturation of snow flow is further studied, and the relevant calculation formulas are given. Then the influence factors of wind-snow disaster are studied from two aspects of natural conditions and road parameters, mainly the change of wind speed caused by different factors, the change of starting condition and the change of snow flow shape. Taking Jilin Province as an example, this paper analyzes the climatic characteristics and temporal and spatial distribution of seasonal frozen areas, mainly in spring and winter seasons where wind and snow damage occur, and the temperature, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation and snowfall in seasonal frozen areas. The vertical and horizontal distribution of snow flow in wind-snow damage area is analyzed. By establishing Fluent hydrodynamic model, the analysis of two-phase turbulence of wind-snow flow is transformed into the analysis of single-phase turbulence in pure air field, and the variation of wind velocity flow field in the space near the road surface is analyzed under different roadbed cross-sections, and the wind speed deceleration zone is found. The horizontal acceleration and snow line distribution are determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the deposition rule of snow particles is found. Finally, the paper studies the snow prevention and snow control measures of snow highway in seasonal freezing area, analyzes the mechanism of common snow prevention facilities, and puts forward some problems that should be paid attention to when setting up and the relevant suggestions. The research results in this paper will provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention and control of highway wind-snow disasters in seasonal frozen areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U418.41

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