【摘要】：從1883年卡爾奔馳發(fā)明了第一輛車開(kāi)始,汽車便開(kāi)始在人類的生活中發(fā)揮非常重要的作用。如今,幾乎每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)擁有一輛自己的愛(ài)車。近年來(lái),人們?cè)谲囕v上搭載無(wú)線通信設(shè)備構(gòu)建起了新型的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)即車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)致力于利用車輛以及路間的通信設(shè)備使得人們可以直接通過(guò)車間網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行通信。同時(shí),車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)也可以提供多種高質(zhì)量的智能服務(wù),例如多媒體娛樂(lè)、道路的導(dǎo)航以及自動(dòng)駕駛等功能。但是車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)仍處于起步階段,很多學(xué)者都在探索這塊尚需開(kāi)發(fā)的金礦。他們根據(jù)Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本特征和車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)自身的特點(diǎn),提出了很多新的路由協(xié)議,這些協(xié)議雖然能夠滿足車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的基本需求,但它們或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)銷比較大或者車輛位置定位不準(zhǔn)確,仍具有很大的改進(jìn)空間。基于這種現(xiàn)狀,本論文提出了兩種新的車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議,它們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載較低,能夠通過(guò)自適應(yīng)的算法將數(shù)據(jù)包更準(zhǔn)確地傳遞給目的車輛,降低丟包率,從而更好的改善車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的通信效率。由于車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)是從Ad Hoc移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中孕育出來(lái)的,本文首先對(duì)Ad Hoc移動(dòng)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了基本的介紹,其中包括Ad Hoc移動(dòng)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本知識(shí)以及P2P的特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)始詳細(xì)介紹車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)概念和體系結(jié)構(gòu),之后列舉了一些在車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中較常使用到的路由協(xié)議DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)、GPSR(Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing)以及VADD(Vehicle-Assisted Data Delivery)等,描述了它們的核心思想和算法實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單闡述他們?cè)诋?dāng)前車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中的一些不足,提出了兩種新型的路由協(xié)議ABT協(xié)議以及PVAT協(xié)議。本文的主要工作是提出了兩種新的路由協(xié)議ABT路由協(xié)議(Area Based Tracking)以及PVAT(Parked Vehicle Assisted Tracking)路由協(xié)議。這兩種新協(xié)議以當(dāng)前比較成熟的VADD協(xié)議為基礎(chǔ),并且加入了兩種自創(chuàng)的追蹤算法。新協(xié)議能夠讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)自動(dòng)適應(yīng)目的車輛的位置偏移,使得數(shù)據(jù)包能夠更準(zhǔn)確地傳遞給目的車輛。ABT協(xié)議設(shè)定了一個(gè)擴(kuò)散區(qū)域,我們將在這個(gè)擴(kuò)散區(qū)域內(nèi)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)包進(jìn)行廣播擴(kuò)散;而PVAT協(xié)議則獨(dú)出心裁地利用道路兩旁的�？寇囕v對(duì)目的車輛進(jìn)行追蹤。這些新的方法都能夠讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)自動(dòng)去適應(yīng)目的車輛的位置偏移。本文詳細(xì)介紹了兩種新協(xié)議的實(shí)現(xiàn)思想以及它們的總體流程,給出了一些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的算法。為了驗(yàn)證兩種協(xié)議是否有效,我們還利用仿真軟件對(duì)兩種協(xié)議進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。我們用VanetMobisim軟件構(gòu)建出了比較真實(shí)的車輛模型和道路拓?fù)?利用Network Simulator 2在構(gòu)建的環(huán)境中應(yīng)用了ABT協(xié)議、PVAT協(xié)議、當(dāng)前比較主流的DSR以及GPSR路由協(xié)議,對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)通信的比對(duì)和分析,最后對(duì)這兩種新的協(xié)議進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià),并在此基礎(chǔ)上給予了對(duì)以后工作的展望。
[Abstract]:Since the invention of the first car in 1883, the car has been playing a very important role in human life. Today, almost every family has a car of its own. In recent years, a new type of communication network, that is, vehicle Ad Hoc Network, has been constructed by people carrying wireless communication devices on vehicles. The network is dedicated to making use of vehicles and road-to-road communication devices to enable people to communicate directly through the workshop network. At the same time, on-board ad hoc networks can also provide a variety of high-quality intelligent services, such as multimedia entertainment, road navigation and autopilot. But vehicular self-organization network is still in its infancy, and many scholars are exploring this gold mine. According to the basic characteristics of the Ad Hoc network and the characteristics of the vehicle-borne ad hoc network, they put forward many new routing protocols, although these protocols can meet the basic needs of the vehicular ad hoc network. However, they have a lot of room for improvement because of high network overhead or inaccurate location of vehicles. Based on this situation, this paper proposes two new routing protocols for vehicle-borne ad hoc networks, which have low network load and can transmit packets more accurately to destination vehicles through adaptive algorithms, thus reducing packet loss rate. In order to improve the communication efficiency in the vehicle network. Since the vehicle-borne ad hoc networks are conceived from Ad Hoc mobile networks, this paper first introduces the Ad Hoc mobile wireless networks, including the basic knowledge of Ad Hoc mobile wireless networks and the characteristics of P2P. On this basis, the basic concepts and architecture of vehicular ad hoc networks are introduced in detail, and then some routing protocols, DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), which are commonly used in vehicular ad hoc networks are listed. GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) and VADD (Vehicle-Assisted Data Delivery) etc.) describe their core idea and algorithm implementation. Through a brief description of their shortcomings in current vehicular network applications, two new routing protocols, ABT and PVAT, are proposed. The main work of this paper is to propose two new routing protocols, ABT routing protocol (Area Based Tracking) and PVAT (Parked Vehicle Assisted Tracking) routing protocol. The two new protocols are based on the current mature VADD protocol and add two self-created tracking algorithms. The new protocol enables the network to automatically adapt to the location shift of the destination vehicle, which enables the data packets to be transferred to the destination vehicle more accurately. The ABT protocol sets a diffusion area in which we will broadcast the data packets. The PVAT protocol makes use of the parked vehicles on both sides of the road to track the destination vehicles. These new methods allow the network to automatically adapt to the location shift of the destination vehicle. In this paper, the implementation ideas of two new protocols and their general flow are introduced in detail, and some key algorithms are given. In order to verify the effectiveness of the two protocols, we also use simulation software to verify the two protocols. We use VanetMobisim software to build a real vehicle model and road topology, and use Network Simulator 2 to use ABT protocol, PVAT protocol, DSR and GPSR routing protocol in the built environment. The data communication is compared and analyzed, and the two new protocols are evaluated synthetically, and the future work is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495;U463.67;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：2403817