高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)石馬公路邊坡植被防護研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-01 09:50
【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實施,在公路、鐵路、水電等工程建設(shè)中,往往需要開挖大量的邊坡,邊坡的開挖不僅破壞了原有的植被和淺表部覆蓋層,而且導致大量的次生裸地和嚴重的水土流失,尤其在高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)更加劇了植被生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化。對于高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)邊坡的植被恢復,國內(nèi)還研究較少。因此,如何快速恢復高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)公路開挖邊坡的植被生態(tài)環(huán)境并實現(xiàn)坡面保護是一個亟需研究和解決的課題。 本文以石渠至馬尼干戈公路開挖邊坡為研究對象,以巖土工程、植被學、土壤學、環(huán)境工程等學科為指導,采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和室內(nèi)試驗的方法,對高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)的土壤特性和適應基材進行研究,通過種植試驗選取適宜草種,利用數(shù)值軟件模擬植物根系與巖土體相互作用關(guān)系,并從工程地質(zhì)、邊坡穩(wěn)定、環(huán)境工程三個方面對高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)的公路邊坡進行植被恢復設(shè)計,主要獲得了以下研究成果： 1)通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和室內(nèi)試驗,闡明了石馬公路的土壤特性,并由種植試驗提出了高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)邊坡植被防護的“草-灌”結(jié)合的建植模式,為該公路的植被恢復提供了科學依據(jù)。 2)通過植被護坡理論分析得出：植物對邊坡穩(wěn)定性有影響,通過莖葉降雨截留,通過根系對土體進行加固。草本植物主要是通過根系對土體進行加筋作用,土體的含根量越多,土的抗剪強度越大,承載能力越高；木本植物主要通過垂直根系與水平根系對土體進行錨固、摩擦作用,主根類似全長粘結(jié)型錨桿,將土體下滑推力傳遞到深層,并將所受的力傳遞到側(cè)根,通過側(cè)根與土體的摩擦阻力,平衡下滑土體的推力,進而對邊坡穩(wěn)定性起作用。 3)通過建立4種計算模型,采用數(shù)值模擬方法探討了植被護坡的機理和效果。模擬結(jié)果表明,草本植物的根系與巖土體的相互作用是由于土壤中存在植物根系,邊坡表土層與根系成為根-土復合體,增加了土體的粘聚力和周邊應力,改變了淺層土體的應力應變狀態(tài),土體中的應力水平降低,限制了淺層土體的側(cè)向位移,草本植物根系能明顯增大邊坡表層土體的抗剪強度,增加邊坡的安全系數(shù),邊坡穩(wěn)定性得到提高。木本根系的固土作用主要通過主根系將表層土體的應力傳遞到土體深層,并對深層土體進行錨固,與錨固理論一致,將錨固理論運用到根系的固土機理分析中是可行的。 4)植物根系的固土效應主要體現(xiàn)在對邊坡淺層產(chǎn)生作用,對深層的土體效果不明顯。“草-灌”結(jié)合的護坡方式對提高邊坡穩(wěn)定性最強,草本植物護坡的方式次之,只有木本植物護坡的效果最差。 5)通過對石馬路典型的土質(zhì)邊坡和巖質(zhì)邊坡進行植被恢復設(shè)計,提出相應的施工方法。濕式噴播技術(shù)和綠化基材噴射技術(shù)能夠?qū)κR公路的土質(zhì)邊坡及巖質(zhì)邊坡起到較好的防護作用,是適用于高海拔嚴寒地區(qū)公路邊坡的植被防護技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the implementation of the strategy of western development in our country, in the construction of highway, railway, hydropower and other projects, a large number of slopes are often required to be excavated. The excavation of the slope not only destroys the original vegetation and shallow overburden. It also leads to a large number of secondary bare land and serious soil erosion, especially in high altitude cold areas, which aggravate the degradation of vegetation ecosystem. There are few researches on vegetation restoration of slope in high altitude cold area. Therefore, how to quickly restore the vegetation ecological environment of highway excavation slope in high altitude cold area and realize slope protection is an urgent task to be studied and solved. In this paper, the excavation slope of the Shiqu to Manigango highway is taken as the research object, the geotechnical engineering, vegetation science, soil science, environmental engineering and other disciplines are taken as the guidance, and the methods of field investigation and indoor test are adopted. The soil characteristics and adaptive substrates in high altitude cold area were studied. The suitable grass species were selected through planting experiment. The interaction between plant root system and rock and soil was simulated by numerical software, and the slope was stable from engineering geology. The vegetation restoration design of highway slope in high altitude cold area is carried out in three aspects of environmental engineering. The main research results are as follows: 1) through field investigation and indoor test, the soil characteristics of Shima highway are expounded. Based on the planting experiment, the "grass irrigation" combined planting model of slope vegetation protection in high altitude cold area is put forward, which provides a scientific basis for the vegetation restoration of the highway. 2) through the theoretical analysis of vegetation slope protection, it is concluded that plants have an effect on slope stability, and the soil is strengthened by stem and leaf rainfall, and soil is strengthened by root system. Herbaceous plants mainly strengthen the soil through the root system, the more the soil root content, the greater the shear strength of the soil, the higher the bearing capacity; Woody plants anchor and rub the soil through vertical root and horizontal root. The main root is similar to the full-length bonded anchor, which transfers the sliding thrust of the soil to the deep layer and the force to the lateral root. Through the friction resistance between the lateral root and the soil, the thrust of the sliding soil can be balanced, and then the stability of the slope will be affected. 3) the mechanism and effect of vegetation slope protection are discussed by establishing four kinds of calculation models and using numerical simulation method. The simulation results show that the interaction between herbaceous roots and rock soil is due to the presence of plant roots in the soil, and the slope topsoil and root system become root-soil complex, which increases the cohesion of soil and the surrounding stress. The stress and strain state of the shallow soil is changed, the stress level in the soil is reduced, and the lateral displacement of the shallow soil is limited. The herbaceous root system can obviously increase the shear strength of the surface soil of the slope and increase the safety factor of the slope. The slope stability has been improved. The soil consolidation function of woody root system mainly transfers the stress of the surface soil to the deep soil through the main root system, and anchors the deep soil mass, which is consistent with the anchoring theory. It is feasible to apply the anchoring theory to the analysis of the soil consolidation mechanism of the root system. 4) the soil consolidation effect of plant roots is mainly reflected in the effect on the shallow layer of the slope, but the effect on the deep soil is not obvious. The slope protection combined with "grass and irrigation" is the most effective way to improve slope stability, the herbaceous slope protection is the second, only woody plant is the worst. 5) through the vegetation restoration design of typical soil slope and rock slope of stone road, the corresponding construction method is put forward. The wet spraying technology and the greening base material spraying technology can protect the soil slope and the rock slope of Shima highway, and are suitable for the vegetation protection technology of highway slope in high altitude and severe cold area.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U416.14;U417.1
本文編號：2397384
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the implementation of the strategy of western development in our country, in the construction of highway, railway, hydropower and other projects, a large number of slopes are often required to be excavated. The excavation of the slope not only destroys the original vegetation and shallow overburden. It also leads to a large number of secondary bare land and serious soil erosion, especially in high altitude cold areas, which aggravate the degradation of vegetation ecosystem. There are few researches on vegetation restoration of slope in high altitude cold area. Therefore, how to quickly restore the vegetation ecological environment of highway excavation slope in high altitude cold area and realize slope protection is an urgent task to be studied and solved. In this paper, the excavation slope of the Shiqu to Manigango highway is taken as the research object, the geotechnical engineering, vegetation science, soil science, environmental engineering and other disciplines are taken as the guidance, and the methods of field investigation and indoor test are adopted. The soil characteristics and adaptive substrates in high altitude cold area were studied. The suitable grass species were selected through planting experiment. The interaction between plant root system and rock and soil was simulated by numerical software, and the slope was stable from engineering geology. The vegetation restoration design of highway slope in high altitude cold area is carried out in three aspects of environmental engineering. The main research results are as follows: 1) through field investigation and indoor test, the soil characteristics of Shima highway are expounded. Based on the planting experiment, the "grass irrigation" combined planting model of slope vegetation protection in high altitude cold area is put forward, which provides a scientific basis for the vegetation restoration of the highway. 2) through the theoretical analysis of vegetation slope protection, it is concluded that plants have an effect on slope stability, and the soil is strengthened by stem and leaf rainfall, and soil is strengthened by root system. Herbaceous plants mainly strengthen the soil through the root system, the more the soil root content, the greater the shear strength of the soil, the higher the bearing capacity; Woody plants anchor and rub the soil through vertical root and horizontal root. The main root is similar to the full-length bonded anchor, which transfers the sliding thrust of the soil to the deep layer and the force to the lateral root. Through the friction resistance between the lateral root and the soil, the thrust of the sliding soil can be balanced, and then the stability of the slope will be affected. 3) the mechanism and effect of vegetation slope protection are discussed by establishing four kinds of calculation models and using numerical simulation method. The simulation results show that the interaction between herbaceous roots and rock soil is due to the presence of plant roots in the soil, and the slope topsoil and root system become root-soil complex, which increases the cohesion of soil and the surrounding stress. The stress and strain state of the shallow soil is changed, the stress level in the soil is reduced, and the lateral displacement of the shallow soil is limited. The herbaceous root system can obviously increase the shear strength of the surface soil of the slope and increase the safety factor of the slope. The slope stability has been improved. The soil consolidation function of woody root system mainly transfers the stress of the surface soil to the deep soil through the main root system, and anchors the deep soil mass, which is consistent with the anchoring theory. It is feasible to apply the anchoring theory to the analysis of the soil consolidation mechanism of the root system. 4) the soil consolidation effect of plant roots is mainly reflected in the effect on the shallow layer of the slope, but the effect on the deep soil is not obvious. The slope protection combined with "grass and irrigation" is the most effective way to improve slope stability, the herbaceous slope protection is the second, only woody plant is the worst. 5) through the vegetation restoration design of typical soil slope and rock slope of stone road, the corresponding construction method is put forward. The wet spraying technology and the greening base material spraying technology can protect the soil slope and the rock slope of Shima highway, and are suitable for the vegetation protection technology of highway slope in high altitude and severe cold area.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U416.14;U417.1
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