【摘要】：隨著我國高等級公路的建設(shè)和發(fā)展，半剛性基層瀝青路面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是由于自然因素以及車輛荷載等因素，許多高速公路在通車數(shù)年之后，瀝青面層就產(chǎn)生了大量麻面、松散、唧漿、坑洞、網(wǎng)裂等破壞現(xiàn)象，而多種破壞現(xiàn)象都與水有著直接或間接的關(guān)系。 為此，我國道路工作者圍繞水損害問題進(jìn)行了大量的研究。很多人致力于水損壞的破壞機(jī)理，破壞程度，防護(hù)修補(bǔ)措施以及新型材料的研究，為了分析計(jì)算動水壓力的大小以及時程變化情況，一部分研究人員致力于應(yīng)用有限元計(jì)算方法模擬瀝青路面結(jié)構(gòu)，來分析瀝青路面早期水損害的破壞機(jī)理。但是，很少有人從細(xì)觀的角度分析瀝青路面孔隙內(nèi)部的壓強(qiáng)分布以及動水作用下瀝青混合料結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力分布情況。 本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合計(jì)算流體力學(xué)，假設(shè)了瀝青路面孔隙模型，對瀝青路面孔隙內(nèi)部流體的壓強(qiáng)分布，流速分布，流場分布情況進(jìn)行了分析，對孔隙周邊的瀝青混合料的應(yīng)力分布進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析。并結(jié)合試驗(yàn)測得的瀝青自身的粘結(jié)力和瀝青與骨料之間的粘附力，判斷瀝青混合料早期水損害的形式與位置。 第一，通過觀察瀝青路面孔隙分布情況，結(jié)合試件內(nèi)部孔隙的形狀，大小，連接孔隙的縫隙數(shù)量等因素，分析了瀝青路面中孔隙可能存在的形式。并結(jié)合流體力學(xué)基本理論，通過對不同形狀模型進(jìn)行試算，建立了瀝青路面孔隙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型。 第二，基于流體力學(xué)基本理論以及湍流理論，選取計(jì)算湍流的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k計(jì)算模型，對瀝青路面孔隙標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析。得到了瀝青路面孔隙內(nèi)液體壓強(qiáng)的分布情況；探討了瀝青混合料有可能最先發(fā)生損傷的位置；對比了在連接孔隙的縫隙數(shù)量，尺寸以及連通性不同的情況下液體壓強(qiáng)分布情況；對出口縫隙存在變徑的情況進(jìn)行了分析。對封閉縫隙存在于不同位置的六種情況進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析，研究了封閉縫隙位置對孔隙內(nèi)部的壓強(qiáng)分布造成的影響。 第三，建立了流固耦合模型，應(yīng)用單向耦合，，計(jì)算了在隨時間變化的載荷作用下瀝青混合料的應(yīng)力分布情況，通過對應(yīng)力的大小和方向的分析，推斷瀝青混合料可能出現(xiàn)的破壞位置以及破壞的先后順序。 最后，利用前人的試驗(yàn)方法，測定了瀝青的粘附力瀝青與骨料之間的粘結(jié)力的大小。對比瀝青混合料的受力情況，分析瀝青混合料早期水損害的破壞形式。
[Abstract]:With the construction and development of high-grade highway in China, semi-rigid base asphalt pavement has been widely used. However, due to natural factors and vehicle loads, after many highways were opened to traffic for several years, the asphalt surface produced a large number of damage phenomena, such as hemp surface, loose, jelly, pothole, net crack and so on. Many damage phenomena are directly or indirectly related to water. Therefore, the road workers in our country have carried out a great deal of research on the problem of water damage. Many people devote themselves to the study of the damage mechanism, damage degree, protective measures and new materials of water damage, in order to analyze and calculate the size of dynamic water pressure in order to change in time. Some researchers apply finite element method to simulate asphalt pavement structure to analyze the failure mechanism of water damage in the early stage of asphalt pavement. However, few people analyze the pressure distribution in the pore of asphalt pavement and the stress distribution of asphalt mixture structure under the action of dynamic water. In this paper, the pore model of asphalt pavement is assumed on the basis of previous studies, and the pressure distribution, velocity distribution and flow field distribution of the pore fluid in asphalt pavement are analyzed. The stress distribution of asphalt mixture around pore is calculated and analyzed. Combined with the adhesive force of asphalt itself and the adhesion force between asphalt and aggregate, the form and position of water damage in the early stage of asphalt mixture were judged. Firstly, by observing the pore distribution of asphalt pavement and combining the shape and size of the internal pores and the number of cracks connected with the pores, the possible forms of the pores in the asphalt pavement are analyzed. Combined with the basic theory of fluid mechanics, the standard model of asphalt pavement porosity is established by the trial calculation of different shape models. Secondly, based on the basic theory of fluid mechanics and turbulence theory, the standard k model for calculating turbulence is selected, and the pore standard model of asphalt pavement is calculated and analyzed. The distribution of liquid pressure in the pore of asphalt pavement is obtained, the position where the asphalt mixture may first damage is discussed, and the distribution of liquid pressure is compared under the different number, size and connectivity of the connecting pore. The influence of diameter variation on the exit gap is analyzed. In this paper, the influence of the closed slot position on the pressure distribution in the pore is studied by calculating and analyzing the six conditions in which the closed slot exists in different positions. Thirdly, the fluid-solid coupling model is established and the stress distribution of asphalt mixture under time-varying loads is calculated by unidirectional coupling. The magnitude and direction of the stress are analyzed. The possible failure location and the sequence of failure of asphalt mixture are inferred. Finally, the adhesive force between asphalt and aggregate was measured by the previous test method. Comparing the stress of asphalt mixture, the failure form of water damage in early stage of asphalt mixture is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U416.217;U418.6

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