岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機載荷譜與剩余壽命研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-19 17:24
【摘要】：金屬結構的疲勞問題是工程機械研究領域永久的熱點問題。疲勞破壞問題的發(fā)生大多具有突發(fā)性，這使得疲勞破壞總是帶來毀滅性的災難，如整機坍塌事故以及因此引發(fā)的人員傷亡。如何合理地控制或減少疲勞破壞的發(fā)生顯得十分的必要。 岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機在各港口都普遍存在，它是工作比較頻繁的機械設備。岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機工作的特點是運行小車以重載高速往返運行在起重機的前后大梁上，且伴隨著集裝箱的起升、下降及運行機構的起動、制動等復雜的運動過程。因此，金屬結構的受力狀況是隨機變化。對這種經(jīng)常承受交變載荷且工作繁忙程度很高的岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機進行疲勞載荷譜及剩余壽命的研究是非常有必要的。 本文基于國內(nèi)外相關領域的研究成果和疲勞理論基礎知識，結合岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機的結構特性及工作特點，確定其疲勞類型為高周疲勞，選用名義應力法對其進行剩余壽命的估算。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容及結論如下： （1）查閱有關結構疲勞及載荷譜的研究文獻，總結和分析該領域研究的現(xiàn)狀及不足，介紹疲勞相關理論。 （2）根據(jù)岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機金屬結構的實際受力特點，結合相關的檢測規(guī)范及其發(fā)生破壞的歷史記錄情況，選取疲勞測點；然后對測點應力進行實際動態(tài)采樣，將采樣數(shù)據(jù)與有限元分析獲得的自重下的結構靜應力進行疊加以獲得完整的應力數(shù)據(jù)，用于載荷譜的編制。 （3）將應力數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過相關的數(shù)據(jù)預處理及雨流計數(shù)進行循環(huán)計數(shù)統(tǒng)計，對統(tǒng)計的計數(shù)結果展開幅值頻次及幅值概率分布的研究，編制起重機結構的疲勞載荷譜。因為動態(tài)采樣時間比較短，本文基于疲勞載荷譜理論對實測的載荷頻次進行了外推，得到了結構在全壽命期內(nèi)的載荷譜。 （4）本文依據(jù)起重機設計規(guī)范確定起重機結構件的S N曲線，根據(jù)起重機的實際工作狀況，選用修正的線性累積損傷理論合理地估算了岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機的疲勞剩余壽命，，應用VB編程實現(xiàn)剩余壽命估算的可視化過程。
[Abstract]:The fatigue problem of metal structures is a permanent hot issue in the field of construction machinery research. The occurrence of fatigue damage is mostly sudden, which makes fatigue damage always bring devastating disasters, such as machine collapse accident and the resulting casualties. How to reasonably control or reduce the occurrence of fatigue damage is very necessary. Quayside container bridge crane is widely used in all ports. The working characteristic of quayside container bridge crane is that the trolley runs on the front and rear girders of the crane with heavy load and high speed, and accompanied by the lifting and dropping of the container, the starting and braking of the running mechanism, and so on. Therefore, the stress condition of metal structure is random change. It is necessary to study the fatigue load spectrum and residual life of this kind of quayside container bridge crane which is often subjected to alternating load and has a high degree of busy work. In this paper, based on the research results and fatigue theory of related fields at home and abroad, combined with the structural characteristics and working characteristics of container crane, the fatigue type is determined as high cycle fatigue. Nominal stress method is used to estimate its residual life. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) referring to the research literature on fatigue and load spectrum of structures, summarizing and analyzing the present situation and deficiency of the research in this field, and introducing the theory of fatigue. (2) according to the actual stress characteristics of the metal structure of the container crane, combined with the relevant testing code and the history record of the damage, the fatigue test points are selected; Then the measured point stress is sampled dynamically, and the static stress of the structure under the weight obtained by the finite element analysis is superposed to obtain the complete stress data, which can be used to compile the load spectrum. (3) the stress data are preprocessed by the relevant data and the rain flow counting is carried out. The amplitude frequency and amplitude probability distribution of the counting results are studied, and the fatigue load spectrum of the crane structure is compiled. Because the dynamic sampling time is relatively short, this paper extrapolates the measured load frequency based on the fatigue load spectrum theory, and obtains the load spectrum of the structure in the whole life cycle. (4) according to the crane design specification, the S-N curve of crane structure is determined in this paper, and according to the actual working condition of crane, The modified linear cumulative damage theory is used to estimate the fatigue residual life of quayside container bridge crane reasonably, and the visual process of residual life estimation is realized by VB programming.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U653.921
本文編號：2342943
[Abstract]:The fatigue problem of metal structures is a permanent hot issue in the field of construction machinery research. The occurrence of fatigue damage is mostly sudden, which makes fatigue damage always bring devastating disasters, such as machine collapse accident and the resulting casualties. How to reasonably control or reduce the occurrence of fatigue damage is very necessary. Quayside container bridge crane is widely used in all ports. The working characteristic of quayside container bridge crane is that the trolley runs on the front and rear girders of the crane with heavy load and high speed, and accompanied by the lifting and dropping of the container, the starting and braking of the running mechanism, and so on. Therefore, the stress condition of metal structure is random change. It is necessary to study the fatigue load spectrum and residual life of this kind of quayside container bridge crane which is often subjected to alternating load and has a high degree of busy work. In this paper, based on the research results and fatigue theory of related fields at home and abroad, combined with the structural characteristics and working characteristics of container crane, the fatigue type is determined as high cycle fatigue. Nominal stress method is used to estimate its residual life. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) referring to the research literature on fatigue and load spectrum of structures, summarizing and analyzing the present situation and deficiency of the research in this field, and introducing the theory of fatigue. (2) according to the actual stress characteristics of the metal structure of the container crane, combined with the relevant testing code and the history record of the damage, the fatigue test points are selected; Then the measured point stress is sampled dynamically, and the static stress of the structure under the weight obtained by the finite element analysis is superposed to obtain the complete stress data, which can be used to compile the load spectrum. (3) the stress data are preprocessed by the relevant data and the rain flow counting is carried out. The amplitude frequency and amplitude probability distribution of the counting results are studied, and the fatigue load spectrum of the crane structure is compiled. Because the dynamic sampling time is relatively short, this paper extrapolates the measured load frequency based on the fatigue load spectrum theory, and obtains the load spectrum of the structure in the whole life cycle. (4) according to the crane design specification, the S-N curve of crane structure is determined in this paper, and according to the actual working condition of crane, The modified linear cumulative damage theory is used to estimate the fatigue residual life of quayside container bridge crane reasonably, and the visual process of residual life estimation is realized by VB programming.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U653.921
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