發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-19 17:24

【摘要】：金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞問(wèn)題是工程機(jī)械研究領(lǐng)域永久的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。疲勞破壞問(wèn)題的發(fā)生大多具有突發(fā)性，這使得疲勞破壞總是帶來(lái)毀滅性的災(zāi)難，如整機(jī)坍塌事故以及因此引發(fā)的人員傷亡。如何合理地控制或減少疲勞破壞的發(fā)生顯得十分的必要。 岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)在各港口都普遍存在，它是工作比較頻繁的機(jī)械設(shè)備。岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)工作的特點(diǎn)是運(yùn)行小車以重載高速往返運(yùn)行在起重機(jī)的前后大梁上，且伴隨著集裝箱的起升、下降及運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的起動(dòng)、制動(dòng)等復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。因此，金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的受力狀況是隨機(jī)變化。對(duì)這種經(jīng)常承受交變載荷且工作繁忙程度很高的岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)進(jìn)行疲勞載荷譜及剩余壽命的研究是非常有必要的。 本文基于國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究成果和疲勞理論基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，結(jié)合岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特性及工作特點(diǎn)，確定其疲勞類型為高周疲勞，選用名義應(yīng)力法對(duì)其進(jìn)行剩余壽命的估算。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： （1）查閱有關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞及載荷譜的研究文獻(xiàn)，總結(jié)和分析該領(lǐng)域研究的現(xiàn)狀及不足，介紹疲勞相關(guān)理論。 （2）根據(jù)岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)際受力特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合相關(guān)的檢測(cè)規(guī)范及其發(fā)生破壞的歷史記錄情況，選取疲勞測(cè)點(diǎn)；然后對(duì)測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)力進(jìn)行實(shí)際動(dòng)態(tài)采樣，將采樣數(shù)據(jù)與有限元分析獲得的自重下的結(jié)構(gòu)靜應(yīng)力進(jìn)行疊加以獲得完整的應(yīng)力數(shù)據(jù)，用于載荷譜的編制。 （3）將應(yīng)力數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過(guò)相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理及雨流計(jì)數(shù)進(jìn)行循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)的計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果展開幅值頻次及幅值概率分布的研究，編制起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞載荷譜。因?yàn)閯?dòng)態(tài)采樣時(shí)間比較短，本文基于疲勞載荷譜理論對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)的載荷頻次進(jìn)行了外推，得到了結(jié)構(gòu)在全壽命期內(nèi)的載荷譜。 （4）本文依據(jù)起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范確定起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)件的S N曲線，根據(jù)起重機(jī)的實(shí)際工作狀況，選用修正的線性累積損傷理論合理地估算了岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)的疲勞剩余壽命，，應(yīng)用VB編程實(shí)現(xiàn)剩余壽命估算的可視化過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:The fatigue problem of metal structures is a permanent hot issue in the field of construction machinery research. The occurrence of fatigue damage is mostly sudden, which makes fatigue damage always bring devastating disasters, such as machine collapse accident and the resulting casualties. How to reasonably control or reduce the occurrence of fatigue damage is very necessary. Quayside container bridge crane is widely used in all ports. The working characteristic of quayside container bridge crane is that the trolley runs on the front and rear girders of the crane with heavy load and high speed, and accompanied by the lifting and dropping of the container, the starting and braking of the running mechanism, and so on. Therefore, the stress condition of metal structure is random change. It is necessary to study the fatigue load spectrum and residual life of this kind of quayside container bridge crane which is often subjected to alternating load and has a high degree of busy work. In this paper, based on the research results and fatigue theory of related fields at home and abroad, combined with the structural characteristics and working characteristics of container crane, the fatigue type is determined as high cycle fatigue. Nominal stress method is used to estimate its residual life. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) referring to the research literature on fatigue and load spectrum of structures, summarizing and analyzing the present situation and deficiency of the research in this field, and introducing the theory of fatigue. (2) according to the actual stress characteristics of the metal structure of the container crane, combined with the relevant testing code and the history record of the damage, the fatigue test points are selected; Then the measured point stress is sampled dynamically, and the static stress of the structure under the weight obtained by the finite element analysis is superposed to obtain the complete stress data, which can be used to compile the load spectrum. (3) the stress data are preprocessed by the relevant data and the rain flow counting is carried out. The amplitude frequency and amplitude probability distribution of the counting results are studied, and the fatigue load spectrum of the crane structure is compiled. Because the dynamic sampling time is relatively short, this paper extrapolates the measured load frequency based on the fatigue load spectrum theory, and obtains the load spectrum of the structure in the whole life cycle. (4) according to the crane design specification, the S-N curve of crane structure is determined in this paper, and according to the actual working condition of crane, The modified linear cumulative damage theory is used to estimate the fatigue residual life of quayside container bridge crane reasonably, and the visual process of residual life estimation is realized by VB programming.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U653.921

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