車聯(lián)網(wǎng)專用短程通信和定位技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-13 15:50
【摘要】：隨著人們出行需求的增加,交通問題逐漸成為了人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。車聯(lián)網(wǎng)將道路、車輛等因素作為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體加以考慮,是當(dāng)下智能交通領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。國(guó)內(nèi)的車聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究還停留在感知層,在通信層尚未形成統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也缺乏相關(guān)的應(yīng)用。本文研究了車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的專用短程通信技術(shù)和定位技術(shù),并在二者的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了車路協(xié)同和路口預(yù)警的應(yīng)用。 首先,本文分析了Wi-Fi協(xié)議棧結(jié)構(gòu)及驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,在Wi-Fi的協(xié)議及狀態(tài)機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上,主要進(jìn)行了車載環(huán)境下的快速接入和短消息協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì),包括數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)、信道切換以及用戶和內(nèi)核通信方式的設(shè)計(jì),并與Wi-Fi進(jìn)行了性能上的對(duì)比。然后將偽距差分定位技術(shù)與專用短程通信技術(shù)結(jié)合,使用短消息協(xié)議封裝差分改正數(shù),完成差分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)編解碼,提高了車輛的定位精度,降低了系統(tǒng)成本。車路協(xié)同的功能是實(shí)現(xiàn)道路管理者和出行者間的雙向通信,能夠定時(shí)發(fā)布交通服務(wù)信息、上傳車輛數(shù)據(jù)、維持連接狀態(tài)。程序設(shè)計(jì)采用了多線程技術(shù)及多路復(fù)用技術(shù),提高了數(shù)據(jù)并行處理能力。路口防撞預(yù)警通過路側(cè)設(shè)備收集并廣播車輛信息,避免了車輛較多時(shí)帶來的信道爭(zhēng)用問題。預(yù)警系統(tǒng)收到車輛信息后判斷可能發(fā)生的碰撞類型,減少了不必要的預(yù)警所造成的系統(tǒng)開銷,并對(duì)直線和側(cè)面碰撞分別采用不同的預(yù)警方法。設(shè)置預(yù)警參數(shù)時(shí),考慮了不同碰撞環(huán)境下的安全因素以及實(shí)際駕駛狀況,并通過離線測(cè)試證明了預(yù)警系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際環(huán)境下的可靠性。 最后,本文對(duì)將前幾章所設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容集成,介紹了集成系統(tǒng)的層次結(jié)構(gòu)及硬件組成,并完成了實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景下的測(cè)試。全文的測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,本文設(shè)計(jì)的專用短程通信技術(shù)及差分定位技術(shù)具有良好的性能,在通信延遲、定位精度等多方面達(dá)到了技術(shù)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用可以用在實(shí)際的交通環(huán)境中。
[Abstract]:With the increase of people's travel demand, traffic problem has gradually become the focus of attention. It is a research hotspot in the field of intelligent transportation to consider the road, vehicle and other factors as an organic whole in vehicle networking. Domestic research on vehicle networking is still in the perception layer, communication layer has not yet formed a unified standard, and lack of related applications. In this paper, the special short-range communication technology and positioning technology in vehicle networking are studied, and the application of vehicle-road coordination and intersection warning is realized on the basis of the two technologies. Firstly, this paper analyzes the structure of Wi-Fi protocol stack and its driving mechanism. On the basis of Wi-Fi protocol and state machine, it mainly designs the fast access protocol and short message protocol under vehicle environment, including data receiving and sending. The design of channel switching and communication between user and kernel is compared with that of Wi-Fi. Then, the pseudo-range differential location technology is combined with the special short-range communication technology, and the differential correction is encapsulated by using the short message protocol to complete the differential data coding and decoding, which improves the positioning accuracy of the vehicle and reduces the system cost. The function of vehicle-road cooperation is to realize the two-way communication between the road manager and the traveller, to release the traffic service information regularly, to upload the vehicle data, and to maintain the connection state. Multithread technology and multiplexing technology are adopted in the program design, which improves the ability of data parallel processing. Intersection collision warning collects and broadcasts vehicle information through road side equipment, which avoids the channel contention problem when there are more vehicles. After receiving the vehicle information, the early warning system judges the possible collision type, reduces the system overhead caused by unnecessary early warning, and uses different warning methods for straight and side collisions. When setting early warning parameters, the safety factors and actual driving conditions in different collision environments are considered, and the reliability of the early warning system in actual environment is proved by off-line test. Finally, this paper introduces the hierarchical structure and hardware structure of the integrated system, and completes the testing of the practical application scenario. The test results show that the special short-range communication technology and differential positioning technology designed in this paper have good performance, and achieve the technical targets in communication delay, positioning accuracy and so on. The application of the design can be used in the actual traffic environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495
本文編號(hào)：2329603
[Abstract]:With the increase of people's travel demand, traffic problem has gradually become the focus of attention. It is a research hotspot in the field of intelligent transportation to consider the road, vehicle and other factors as an organic whole in vehicle networking. Domestic research on vehicle networking is still in the perception layer, communication layer has not yet formed a unified standard, and lack of related applications. In this paper, the special short-range communication technology and positioning technology in vehicle networking are studied, and the application of vehicle-road coordination and intersection warning is realized on the basis of the two technologies. Firstly, this paper analyzes the structure of Wi-Fi protocol stack and its driving mechanism. On the basis of Wi-Fi protocol and state machine, it mainly designs the fast access protocol and short message protocol under vehicle environment, including data receiving and sending. The design of channel switching and communication between user and kernel is compared with that of Wi-Fi. Then, the pseudo-range differential location technology is combined with the special short-range communication technology, and the differential correction is encapsulated by using the short message protocol to complete the differential data coding and decoding, which improves the positioning accuracy of the vehicle and reduces the system cost. The function of vehicle-road cooperation is to realize the two-way communication between the road manager and the traveller, to release the traffic service information regularly, to upload the vehicle data, and to maintain the connection state. Multithread technology and multiplexing technology are adopted in the program design, which improves the ability of data parallel processing. Intersection collision warning collects and broadcasts vehicle information through road side equipment, which avoids the channel contention problem when there are more vehicles. After receiving the vehicle information, the early warning system judges the possible collision type, reduces the system overhead caused by unnecessary early warning, and uses different warning methods for straight and side collisions. When setting early warning parameters, the safety factors and actual driving conditions in different collision environments are considered, and the reliability of the early warning system in actual environment is proved by off-line test. Finally, this paper introduces the hierarchical structure and hardware structure of the integrated system, and completes the testing of the practical application scenario. The test results show that the special short-range communication technology and differential positioning technology designed in this paper have good performance, and achieve the technical targets in communication delay, positioning accuracy and so on. The application of the design can be used in the actual traffic environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495
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，本文編號(hào)：2329603
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