【摘要】：隧道工程地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜多變、不可預(yù)見因素較多,結(jié)構(gòu)有著其獨(dú)有的特殊性,與地面結(jié)構(gòu)施工相差甚遠(yuǎn),正因?yàn)樗淼朗┕r(shí)受到地質(zhì)條件、現(xiàn)代技術(shù)以及管理水平等多方面的影響,國內(nèi)外隧道施工造成周邊結(jié)構(gòu)破壞以及重大生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的事故屢屢發(fā)生。為了確保隧道工程建設(shè)目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的同時(shí)減少工程事故,對擬建和在建的隧道工程施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評價(jià),既而進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制十分必要。以隧道工程施工中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制為案例,針對隧道的特點(diǎn)從人的因素、物的因素、環(huán)境因素、管理因素確定了隧道施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)指標(biāo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用層次分析法確定了評價(jià)各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,利用灰色系統(tǒng)理論構(gòu)建了綜合評價(jià)模型,并以來馬高速公路中小明山隧道工程為例運(yùn)用此評價(jià)模型進(jìn)行了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)。根據(jù)評價(jià)結(jié)果,提出了相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對措施�；谒淼朗┕ど婕耙蛩乇姸�,存在許多不確定性等特點(diǎn),在對比幾種分析方法后選用層次分析法進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),由于層次分析計(jì)算結(jié)果較粗略,但結(jié)合灰色理論評價(jià)法建立的綜合評價(jià)模型可以取得較好的效果。通過對隧道施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的識別以及根據(jù)構(gòu)建評價(jià)指標(biāo)的原則,建立了隧道施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。指標(biāo)體系包括目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層以及指標(biāo)層,利用層次分析法確定了每個(gè)因素的權(quán)重,其中準(zhǔn)則層中人的因素占的權(quán)重最大；指標(biāo)層中個(gè)人能力、現(xiàn)場組織能力及管理制度以及施工現(xiàn)場的自然環(huán)境占的權(quán)重較大。針對來馬高速隧道工程中小明山隧道實(shí)際情況,運(yùn)用建立的層次分析灰色理論綜合評價(jià)模型進(jìn)行了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),得到綜合評價(jià)值為3.527,介于一般風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間,并傾向于較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。單獨(dú)分析四個(gè)影響因素的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況,也都處于一般風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間,從而得到小明山隧道工程總風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)結(jié)果的合理性。根據(jù)準(zhǔn)則層的四個(gè)因素對隧道施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)程度可以看出人的因素占主導(dǎo)地位,因此,在制定應(yīng)對措施時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)考慮。同時(shí),其他三個(gè)方面的因素影響也不容忽視,對隧道施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的管理應(yīng)以“預(yù)防為主,積極規(guī)避,合理轉(zhuǎn)移”為指導(dǎo)思想。
[Abstract]:The geological conditions of tunnel engineering are complex and changeable, and there are many unpredictable factors. The structure has its unique particularity, which is far from the ground structure construction. It is precisely because the tunnel is subjected to geological conditions during the tunnel construction. Due to the influence of modern technology and management level, the accidents caused by tunnel construction at home and abroad have caused damage to the surrounding structures and great loss of life and property. In order to ensure the realization of the goal of tunnel construction and reduce engineering accidents, it is necessary to carry out risk control to evaluate the construction risks of the proposed and ongoing tunnel projects. Taking the risk control in tunnel construction as an example, the risk evaluation index of tunnel construction is determined according to the characteristics of tunnel from human factor, material factor, environment factor and management factor. On this basis, the weight of each evaluation index is determined by AHP, and the comprehensive evaluation model is constructed by using the grey system theory, and the risk evaluation model is used to evaluate the risk of the small and medium-sized Mingshan tunnel project of the Ma Expressway as an example. According to the evaluation results, the corresponding risk countermeasures are put forward. Based on the characteristics of many factors involved in tunnel construction and many uncertainties, the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to evaluate the risk after comparing several analytical methods. But the comprehensive evaluation model based on grey theory can achieve good results. Based on the identification of tunnel construction risk factors and the principle of constructing evaluation index, the evaluation index system of tunnel construction risk is established. The index system includes target layer, criterion layer and index layer. The weight of each factor is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), in which the human factor occupies the largest weight in the criterion layer, and the individual ability in the index layer. Site organization and management system and the construction site of the natural environment account for a large weight. In view of the actual situation of small and medium-sized Mingshan Tunnel in Laima High Speed Tunnel Project, the comprehensive evaluation model of AHP grey theory is used to evaluate the risk. The comprehensive evaluation value is 3.527, which is between the general risk and the higher risk. And tend to be riskier. By analyzing the risk condition of the four influencing factors separately, all of them are between the general risk and the higher risk, thus the rationality of the overall risk evaluation results of Xiaoming Mountain Tunnel Project is obtained. According to the contribution of four factors to the overall risk of tunnel construction risk, it can be seen that the human factor is the dominant factor. Therefore, the countermeasures should be taken into account. At the same time, the influence of other three factors can not be ignored. The management of tunnel construction risk should be guided by "prevention, active evasion and reasonable transfer".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455.1

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