【摘要】：輪胎印跡作為事故現(xiàn)場的重要痕跡，為交通事故判定分析的重要依據(jù)之一。事故車輛的輪胎路面印跡在制動（特別是安裝ABS的汽車）、轉(zhuǎn)彎工況下表現(xiàn)出的顯現(xiàn)不確定性現(xiàn)象，給交通安全、痕跡物證鑒識和交通事故分析等專家?guī)砭薮舐闊�。分析和研究輪胎路面印跡的顯隱特性，為交通事故提供更加可靠的判定依據(jù)仍然是目前尚待解決的問題。 將車輛路面視為一個系統(tǒng)，圍繞輪胎路面作用機(jī)理、輪胎動態(tài)作用力、輪胎摩擦、磨損等方面的問題展開研究，充分考慮影響因素的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理，解析輪胎印跡顯隱特性的車輛路面系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)特性，解決出現(xiàn)輪胎印跡顯隱特性的區(qū)域判定、影響因素等問題。 (1)根據(jù)橡膠粘彈性特性及粗糙路面分形特性，應(yīng)用粗糙路面接觸理論，解析粗糙路面上的橡膠接觸機(jī)理，建立橡膠粗糙路面接觸面積改進(jìn)模型；依據(jù)輪胎路面作用原理，簡化處理橡膠粘彈性能量損失模型，提出考慮輪胎特性和路面分形特性的滑動摩擦因數(shù)改進(jìn)模型，獲得輪胎和路面特性對動滑動摩擦因數(shù)變化特性的影響規(guī)律。 (2)考慮胎體和胎面非線性特性，通過求解輪胎滑移區(qū)域的滑移速度，，建立考慮輪胎橡膠特性、路面特性、滑移速度及垂向載荷的一般理論和魔術(shù)公式輪胎動摩擦模型，運(yùn)用CarSim輪胎仿真平臺驗證輪胎動摩擦模型的有效性；探析動滑動摩擦因數(shù)、輪胎和路面（力學(xué)、材料、工況）特性對輪胎動態(tài)作用力變化特性的影響。 (3)結(jié)合簡化的輪胎動摩擦模型和多維非線性車輛模型，構(gòu)建具有15DOF的車輛路面系統(tǒng)非線性動力學(xué)模型；應(yīng)用GPRS技術(shù)和慣性測量技術(shù)，開發(fā)車載轉(zhuǎn)彎制動穩(wěn)定性測量系統(tǒng)，對車路耦合模型進(jìn)行試驗驗證；運(yùn)用PC-Crash提取事故車輛動態(tài)參數(shù)變化情況，揭示各影響因素對車輛動態(tài)參數(shù)的變化及其差異特性的影響。 (4)對胎面橡膠磨損脫落特性進(jìn)行微觀解析，結(jié)合車輛路面系統(tǒng)非線性動力學(xué)模型，對輪胎作用力差異特性進(jìn)行研究；運(yùn)用廣義能量法，結(jié)合輪胎摩擦能量模型對輪胎摩擦能量及其差異特性進(jìn)行量化分析；構(gòu)建胎面磨損質(zhì)量能量模型，定性、定量解析非穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下橡膠磨損脫落質(zhì)量及其差異特性，從系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)角度解析印跡顯隱特性產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:As an important trace of accident site, tire imprinting is one of the important basis for traffic accident judgment and analysis. The tire and pavement imprinting of an accident vehicle shows uncertainty in braking (especially for a vehicle equipped with ABS), which brings great trouble to experts such as traffic safety, trace evidence identification and traffic accident analysis. It is still an unsolved problem to analyze and study the explicit and implicit characteristics of tire pavement imprinting, and to provide a more reliable basis for judging traffic accidents. The vehicle pavement is regarded as a system, which focuses on the action mechanism of tire pavement, tire dynamic force, tire friction, wear and so on, and fully considers the related mechanism of influencing factors. The dynamic characteristics of vehicle pavement system based on tire imprinting are analyzed, and the problems of determining the region and influencing factors are solved. (1) according to the viscoelastic properties of rubber and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, some problems are solved, such as: (1) according to the characteristics of rubber viscoelasticity and the fractal characteristics of rough pavement, Based on the contact theory of rough road surface, the rubber contact mechanism on rough road surface is analyzed, and an improved model of rubber rough pavement contact area is established, and the rubber viscoelastic energy loss model is simplified according to the action principle of tire pavement. An improved sliding friction coefficient model considering tire characteristics and pavement fractal characteristics is proposed. The influence of tire and pavement characteristics on dynamic sliding friction coefficient is obtained. (2) considering the nonlinear characteristics of tire and tread, By solving the slip velocity of tire slip region, a general theory and magic formula tire dynamic friction model considering tire rubber characteristics, pavement characteristics, slip speed and vertical load are established. Using the CarSim tire simulation platform to verify the validity of the tire dynamic friction model, to analyze the dynamic sliding friction coefficient, tire and road surface (mechanics, materials, etc.) (3) combining the simplified tire dynamic friction model and the multi-dimensional nonlinear vehicle model, the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system with 15DOF is constructed. Using GPRS technology and inertial measurement technology, the vehicle turning braking stability measurement system is developed, and the vehicle-road coupling model is tested and verified, and the dynamic parameters of accident vehicle are extracted by PC-Crash. The effects of various factors on vehicle dynamic parameters and their differential characteristics are revealed. (4) the wear and tear characteristics of tread rubber are analyzed microscopically, and the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle pavement system is combined. Research on the differential characteristics of tire force; use the generalized energy method, combined with the tire friction energy model to quantify the tire friction energy and its differential characteristics; build tread wear mass energy model, qualitative, Quantitative analysis of rubber wear and tear off quality and its differential characteristics under unsteady conditions, and analysis of the mechanism of imprinting implicit characteristics from the point of view of system dynamics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U463.341;U491.3

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