【摘要】：地震災(zāi)害是世界上很多國家所面臨的嚴(yán)重地質(zhì)災(zāi)害之一，對(duì)于我國來說也同樣如此，2008年的汶川發(fā)生的8.0級(jí)地震給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨斐闪司薮蟮娜松韨龊拓?cái)產(chǎn)損失。在地震發(fā)生后，交通的搶通保通，無論是對(duì)于地震發(fā)生初期的搶險(xiǎn)救人，，還是對(duì)于震后災(zāi)區(qū)的恢復(fù)重建，都是至關(guān)重要的[1]。通過對(duì)地震災(zāi)區(qū)的交通情況現(xiàn)場踏勘后發(fā)現(xiàn)，地震導(dǎo)致的坡表松動(dòng)巖層，在震后地下水等外部因素的作用下，極易沿該深度發(fā)生再次破壞，嚴(yán)重影響交通的安全。因此，如何簡便、有效的確定震后邊坡的巖體松動(dòng)深度，為震后公路工程設(shè)施的安全程度進(jìn)行檢測評(píng)估與修復(fù)加固等工作奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，成為震后公路恢復(fù)重建階段所面臨的重要課題。遺憾的是通過查閱中外文獻(xiàn)后，尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)于地震作用下邊坡巖體松動(dòng)方面的研究。為此，本論文從理論和工程實(shí)際出發(fā)，著重探討以下主要內(nèi)容： 1）在汶川地震災(zāi)區(qū)，通過對(duì)工程地質(zhì)條件的現(xiàn)場勘查，以及對(duì)邊坡的失穩(wěn)特征和變形特征進(jìn)行分析后得知，邊坡的幾何特征、地形地貌和巖體性質(zhì)與邊坡的地震反應(yīng)有著密切的關(guān)系[2]。 2）查閱文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在地震作用下對(duì)邊坡的松動(dòng)深度的研究，可借助于黃潤秋等人的卸荷帶理論。在動(dòng)力有限元理論的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用FLAC軟件對(duì)邊坡在地震作用下進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析，研究主要針對(duì)地形地貌、坡體材料和動(dòng)荷載條件三個(gè)方面，通過逐一改變邊坡的坡度、坡高、材料性質(zhì)以及地震動(dòng)的荷載頻率和振幅等條件來探討邊坡的塑性區(qū)和受拉區(qū)的分布情況，以此來判定邊坡的地震松動(dòng)深度。 3）采用面波技術(shù)探測邊坡地震松動(dòng)區(qū)。由于現(xiàn)有規(guī)范進(jìn)行巖土劃分時(shí)根據(jù)巖土的橫波波速（橫波速度與巖土的物性參數(shù)密切相關(guān)），因此從面波相速度與深度的彩色剖面圖很容易得到測試斷面的巖土層的總體分布情況。在通過和超聲波測試、現(xiàn)場鉆孔資料的比對(duì)后，采用面波法確定邊坡的地震松動(dòng)深度，建立松動(dòng)深度的物性指標(biāo)相關(guān)關(guān)系，提出一套簡便的檢測方法。
[Abstract]:Earthquake disaster is one of the serious geological disasters faced by many countries in the world, and the same is true for our country. The 8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan in 2008 caused huge casualties and property losses to local residents. After the earthquake, it is very important for the transportation to rescue the people in the early stage of the earthquake and to restore and rebuild the disaster area after the earthquake [1]. It is found that the loose rock layer of slope surface caused by earthquake is easy to be destroyed again along this depth by external factors such as underground water after the earthquake, which seriously affects the safety of traffic. Therefore, how to determine the rock mass loosening depth of the post-earthquake slope is simple and effective, so as to lay a solid foundation for the inspection, evaluation, repair and reinforcement of the safety degree of the post-earthquake highway engineering facilities. It has become an important task in the stage of road reconstruction after earthquake. Unfortunately, after consulting Chinese and foreign literature, there has not been any research on slope rock mass loosening under earthquake action. Therefore, this paper focuses on the following main contents from theory and engineering practice: 1) in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, through the field survey of engineering geological conditions, After analyzing the instability and deformation characteristics of the slope, it is found that the geometric characteristics, topographic features and rock mass properties of the slope are closely related to the seismic response of the slope [2]. The study on the loosening depth of slope under seismic action can be done by means of the unloading zone theory of Huang Runqiu et al. On the basis of the dynamic finite element theory, the numerical simulation analysis of slope under earthquake action is carried out by using FLAC software. The research mainly aims at the three aspects of terrain and geomorphology, slope material and dynamic load condition, by changing slope gradient and slope height one by one. The distribution of the plastic zone and the tensile zone of the slope is discussed under the conditions of material properties, loading frequency and amplitude of the ground motion. 3) the seismic loosening zone of the slope is detected by the surface wave technique. According to the shear wave velocity of the rock and soil, which is closely related to the physical parameters of the rock and soil, it is easy to obtain the rock and soil layers of the test section from the color profile of the velocity and depth of the surface wave phase. The overall distribution of After comparing with ultrasonic test and field drilling data, the surface wave method is used to determine the seismic loosening depth of slope, and the correlation relation of physical property index of loosening depth is established, and a set of simple detection method is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P315.9;U416.14

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