【摘要】：巖溶地區(qū)因受其特殊地質(zhì)構(gòu)造影響,在隧道施工過(guò)程中極易發(fā)生突水、涌泥等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象,成為了制約隧道建設(shè)快速發(fā)展的瓶頸。因此本文針對(duì)巖溶隧道地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,采用理論分析和數(shù)值模擬等研究方法,對(duì)巖溶隧道的災(zāi)變分析及災(zāi)害防治進(jìn)行研究,得到如下結(jié)論：(1)總結(jié)巖溶產(chǎn)生的條件及分類,指出其發(fā)育的控制因素；闡述巖溶易導(dǎo)致隧道坍塌、巖溶突水、突泥等不良地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。(2)立足巖溶隧道突水孕育時(shí)間長(zhǎng),破壞能量大的客觀實(shí)際,將隧道的突水劃分為能量積蓄和劇變失穩(wěn)兩階段�；诹W(xué)分析,引入軟化系數(shù),得到了水對(duì)裂隙巖體強(qiáng)度的劣化計(jì)算公式�；诹黧w力學(xué)伯努利方程,得到了突水速度計(jì)算式,揭示了巖溶水壓對(duì)突水量具有動(dòng)力控制作用。將斷裂力學(xué)理論方法運(yùn)用于巖溶巖體在水作用下裂紋擴(kuò)展研究,將裂紋擴(kuò)展劃分為拉剪擴(kuò)展及壓剪破壞模式,推導(dǎo)出充水條件下裂紋破壞的臨界水壓力值計(jì)算方法。(3)對(duì)巖溶隧道的突水災(zāi)變機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,重點(diǎn)分析了防突層災(zāi)變破壞及巖溶體結(jié)構(gòu)面變形誘發(fā)災(zāi)變機(jī)理�；谀芰糠治�,構(gòu)建了尖點(diǎn)突變模型,得到了判別巖溶防突層以及巖溶結(jié)構(gòu)面動(dòng)力失穩(wěn)的臨界條件；用平衡曲面形象的刻畫(huà)了動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)演化過(guò)程中從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的跳躍。通過(guò)對(duì)控制參數(shù)分析,揭示了蠕變控制因子對(duì)巖溶隧洞巖體軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面演化速度的控制作用。(4)著重探討了地質(zhì)法、超前導(dǎo)坑法、地質(zhì)雷達(dá)法和紅外線探測(cè)法隧道的超前預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)。通過(guò)理論分析并結(jié)合實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用,提出了各種探測(cè)方法在施工應(yīng)用中所應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。分別研究分小型溶洞及大型充填淤泥型溶洞處治技術(shù),分別提出了相應(yīng)處置措施,利用MDAS/GTS建立數(shù)值模型,數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果較好的論證了處治技術(shù)的合理性。
[Abstract]:Because of its special geological structure, karst areas are prone to water inrush, mud gushing and other geological disasters during tunnel construction, which has become a bottleneck restricting the rapid development of tunnel construction. Therefore, aiming at the geological hazards of karst tunnel, this paper studies the disaster analysis and disaster prevention of karst tunnel by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) summarize the conditions and classification of karst tunnel. The paper points out the controlling factors of its development, expounds that karst easily leads to tunnel collapse, karst water inrush, mud outburst and other bad geological disasters. (2) based on the objective reality of long gestation time and large destruction energy of karst tunnel water inrush. The water inrush of tunnel is divided into two stages: energy accumulation and sudden instability. Based on mechanical analysis and introducing softening coefficient, a formula for calculating the deterioration of strength of fractured rock mass by water is obtained. Based on the Bernoulli equation of fluid mechanics, the formula for calculating the water inrush velocity is obtained, and it is revealed that the karst water pressure has a dynamic control effect on the water inrush. The theory of fracture mechanics is applied to the study of crack propagation in karst rock mass under the action of water. The crack propagation is divided into tensile shear propagation and compression shear failure mode. The calculation method of critical water pressure for crack failure under the condition of water filling is derived. (3) the mechanism of water inrush in karst tunnel is studied, and the mechanism of cataclysmic failure of anti-outburst layer and deformation of karst structure surface is analyzed. Based on the energy analysis, the cusp catastrophe model is constructed, and the critical conditions for judging the dynamic instability of karst anti-outburst layer and karst structural plane are obtained. The jump from one state to another state in the evolution process of dynamic system is depicted graphically by equilibrium surface. Based on the analysis of control parameters, the control effect of creep control factor on the evolution velocity of weak structural plane of karst tunnel rock mass is revealed. (4) the geological method and the advanced guide pit method are discussed emphatically. Advanced prediction technology of tunnel with ground penetrating radar and infrared detection. Through theoretical analysis and practical engineering application, the problems that should be paid attention to in construction application of various detection methods are put forward. The treatment techniques of small caverns and large filled mud caverns are studied, and the corresponding disposal measures are put forward respectively. The numerical model is established by MDAS/GTS. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate the rationality of the treatment technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U452.1;U457

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本文編號(hào)：2168663