本文選題：清雪機(jī)械 + 冰雪特性��； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國大部分區(qū)域,冬季下雪周期長,低溫、大雪和雨夾雪等天氣，引起道路積雪與結(jié)冰相當(dāng)普遍。尤其北方嚴(yán)寒地域,大面積的冰雪覆蓋道路，無法及時(shí)清除,經(jīng)由行人、交通車輛的反復(fù)碾壓及融凍,形成強(qiáng)度高、密度大、與道路粘結(jié)牢固的壓實(shí)冰雪混合物。凍結(jié)薄冰和冰雪嚴(yán)重影響道路安全暢通。因此,探索研究破冰清雪機(jī)械，破解我國冬季道路所面臨的破冰清雪難題，對(duì)于減少交通事故，增強(qiáng)運(yùn)輸效率,充分發(fā)揮交通運(yùn)輸大動(dòng)脈、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本文以冰雪混合物物理機(jī)械特性力學(xué)分析為研究基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)道路冰雪分類，針對(duì)不同類型的道路冰雪混合物，，在分析、論述以往機(jī)械式道路冰雪清除技術(shù)和原理應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，確定了以最佳硬質(zhì)冰雪混合物振碎效率為目標(biāo)的振動(dòng)破冰除雪的設(shè)計(jì)方案；振動(dòng)破冰除雪主要是利用壓實(shí)冰雪在振動(dòng)鏟刃作用下小變形就可引起脆性斷裂的特性，并協(xié)同牽引主機(jī)的配合，使冰雪與道路分離的方式，這種方式的工作效率高，除凈率比較好、經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用，能有效避免路面損傷。雪鏟與振動(dòng)鏟裝置設(shè)計(jì)為分立結(jié)構(gòu),柔性連接,以優(yōu)化復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和降低生產(chǎn)成本，適應(yīng)道路復(fù)雜環(huán)境冰雪清除的需要。建立數(shù)學(xué)分析模型，對(duì)清冰雪作業(yè)過程中的工作阻力、切線牽引力及清雪功率計(jì)算；設(shè)計(jì)出新型鏟板曲面，通過動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，導(dǎo)出冰雪在雪鏟上的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡；設(shè)計(jì)清雪鏟振動(dòng)、柔性避障機(jī)構(gòu)等機(jī)構(gòu)，分析校核關(guān)鍵部件強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明，鏟刃可以順利切入壓實(shí)冰雪，振動(dòng)雪鏟足以振碎路面壓實(shí)冰雪，振動(dòng)破冰雪效果良好，能夠連續(xù)作業(yè)，并且有效避免路面損壞。分析清冰雪作業(yè)時(shí)的牽引特性、側(cè)向穩(wěn)定性及功率匹配特性；雪鏟結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與作業(yè)參數(shù)滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，與選用底盤類型匹配可行，能夠保障清雪機(jī)械正常作業(yè)。
[Abstract]:In most regions of China, the long snowing period in winter, low temperature, heavy snow and sleet and other weather, causing road snow and ice is quite common. Especially in the cold area of the north, a large area of snow and ice covering roads can not be cleared in time. Through the repeated compaction and thawing of pedestrians and traffic vehicles, a compacted ice and snow mixture with high intensity, high density and strong bond with the road is formed. Freezing of thin ice and snow seriously affected road safety and smooth. Therefore, it is of great practical value to explore and study ice-breaking and snow-clearing machinery and to solve the problem of ice-clearing and clearing in winter in China, which can reduce traffic accidents, enhance transportation efficiency, give full play to traffic and transport arteries, and promote economic development. Based on the mechanical analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of ice and snow mixtures, this paper classifies the road ice and snow, and analyzes the different types of road ice and snow mixtures. Based on the characteristics of the previous mechanical road ice and snow removal technology and principle application, the design scheme of vibration ice-breaking and snow removal with the aim of the best crushing efficiency of hard ice and snow mixture is determined. Vibration ice-breaking and snow removal mainly use the characteristics of brittle fracture caused by small deformation of compacted ice and snow under the action of vibration shovel edge, and cooperate with the main traction engine to separate the ice and snow from the road. The work efficiency of this way is high. Good net removal rate, economic, practical, can effectively avoid road damage. The snow shovel and the vibrating shovel are designed as separate structures and flexible connections to optimize complex structures and reduce production costs to meet the needs of snow and ice removal in complex road environments. A mathematical analysis model is established to calculate the working resistance tangent traction and snow clearing power during snow clearing. A new type of shovel surface is designed and the relative track of snow and ice on snow shovel is derived by dynamic analysis. The vibration mechanism of snow cleaning shovel and flexible obstacle avoidance mechanism were designed and the strength of key components was analyzed. The results show that the edge of the shovel can cut into the compacted ice and snow smoothly, the vibratory snow shovel is enough to crush the road surface and the ice and snow can be crushed, the effect of vibration breaking ice and snow is good, the operation can be done continuously, and the pavement damage is avoided effectively. The characteristics of traction lateral stability and power matching are analyzed. The design of snow shovel structure and operation parameters meet the design requirements and matching with the selection of chassis type is feasible to ensure the normal operation of snow clearing machinery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U418.326

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