本文選題：老齡乘員 + 肥胖乘員�。� 參考：《湖南大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：道路交通事故是造成人類傷亡的重要因素之一。每年有120萬人死于道路交通事故,約2000萬人遭受終身的傷殘性傷害。隨著汽車安全技術的不斷發(fā)展以及乘員安全性問題逐步受到重視,駕乘人員的損傷防護技術取得了很大的進展,特別是50百分位成人的乘員保護技術已趨成熟。然而,相對于50百分位的成人,老齡人群和肥胖人群等特殊群體在汽車碰撞事故中更易遭受重傷和死亡。但是現(xiàn)有的碰撞測試假人和人體有限元模型等損傷評價工具,并沒有考慮到人群中年齡和肥胖程度組成的多樣性。由于醫(yī)療條件以及物質(zhì)生活水平的提高,世界各國的老齡以及肥胖人群的所占比重呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增加的趨勢。因此,老齡和肥胖乘員有限元模型的開發(fā)以及損傷機理研究已經(jīng)成為汽車安全研究領域迫切需要解決的重要課題。本文在文獻研究的基礎上,利用人體測量學方法、統(tǒng)計學方法、網(wǎng)格變形技術、計算機仿真以及優(yōu)化技術,分別對老齡和肥胖乘員有限元模型的建模方法以及損傷機理等進行了研究。研究工作的主要內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新點如下： 1、參數(shù)化的肋骨腔幾何模型的建立。本研究通過收集大量的臨床醫(yī)用CT(Electronic Computer X-ray Tomography Technique)掃描數(shù)據(jù),并進行了數(shù)據(jù)分割、指定位置標志點坐標數(shù)據(jù)獲取以及Procrustes分析,建立了同一坐標系下的人體肋骨腔標志點空間坐標數(shù)據(jù)集。在此基礎上,對標志點空間坐標數(shù)據(jù)集進行了主成分分析和多變量回歸分析,建立了基于人體特征的參數(shù)化肋骨腔幾何模型,并用于研究年齡、性別、身高以及BMI (Body Mass Index)對肋骨腔幾何模型大小和形狀的影響。結(jié)果表明,這些人體特征參數(shù)對肋骨腔幾何模型均有顯著性影響；同時,利用統(tǒng)計學方法建立了基于人體特征參數(shù)的肋骨橫截面面積的線性混合模型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),除BMI外,其它的人體特征參數(shù)對肋骨橫截面面積均具有顯著性影響。該研究為后續(xù)建立參數(shù)化的人體有限元模型提供了三維數(shù)模基礎。 2、開發(fā)出一套基于徑向基函數(shù)理論的參數(shù)化網(wǎng)格變形技術。本研究利用基于樣條曲線的幾何變形方法對標志點空間坐標進行逼近,并用于對標志點坐標數(shù)據(jù)的分析,最終把參考空間里的坐標基準位置映射到新空間的目標位置。坐標映射的過程包括整體的平移、剛度旋轉(zhuǎn)、縮放以及局部彎曲。通過該網(wǎng)格變形技術可以將基準模型與不同的目標模型聯(lián)系起來,并運用該技術對人體骨骼模型進行了網(wǎng)格變形研究。結(jié)果表明該方法快捷有效,可為后續(xù)開展參數(shù)化人體有限元模型的研究提供技術基礎。 3、提出了建立任意指定人體特征參數(shù)的乘員有限元模型的流程,并完成了指定人體特征的乘員有限元模型的驗證工作。本研究首先利用豐田公司開發(fā)的第四代人體有限元模型,建立了人體外部輪廓與內(nèi)部骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)的混合幾何模型；在此基礎上,利用本文開發(fā)的網(wǎng)格變形技術,提出了一套建立參數(shù)化人體有限元模型的流程。其后,利用該流程建立了一個預先指定了人體特征的乘員有限元模型,并對該模型的有效性進行了驗證。結(jié)果表明利用本文提出參數(shù)化人體有限元建模流程開發(fā)的模型具有較高的生物逼真度,因而可利用該流程自動生成任意指定人體特征參數(shù)的乘員有限元模型。這為研究汽車乘坐環(huán)境對特殊人群碰撞安全性的影響,提供了有效的新思路。 4、研究并分析了老齡人群的損傷機理以及年齡對人體肋骨骨折損傷風險的影響。為分析年齡對人體損傷的影響,本研究建立了指定人體特征參數(shù)條件下的胸部有限元模型。該模型經(jīng)過嚴格的仿真碰撞驗證,并與兩具含有不同人體特征參數(shù)的尸體樣本胸部撞擊試驗進行了對標。結(jié)果顯示,建立的基于年齡特征的參數(shù)化胸部有限元模型具有較高的仿真度。為了探究與人體年齡相關的材料參數(shù)、幾何模型以及組織結(jié)構(gòu)屬性對胸部生物力學特性的影響,對驗證后的胸部有限元統(tǒng)計學模型進行參數(shù)化研究。結(jié)果表明,由于年齡增長而引起的胸部幾何模型、肋骨材料參數(shù)以及肋骨骨密質(zhì)厚度的變化量,導致胸部的線性剛度特性、肋骨骨密質(zhì)的Von Mises應力和第一主應變呈現(xiàn)出不同的變化趨勢；特別是,在沖擊錘的撞擊作用下,隨著人體年齡的增長,胸部幾何模型、肋骨材料參數(shù)以及肋骨骨密質(zhì)厚度產(chǎn)生的復合影響會使得肋骨骨密質(zhì)的Von Mises應力和第一主應變逐漸升高。考慮到隨著人體年齡的增長,人體骨骼組織的失效應力和失效應變將逐漸減小,導致老齡人群在碰撞過程中將面臨更大的胸部肋骨骨折損傷風險。 5、研究并分析了肥胖乘員的損傷機理以及肥胖對乘員損傷風險的影響�；谀壳拔墨I中僅存的少量肥胖人群碰撞試驗數(shù)據(jù),對上述新建的參數(shù)化的人體有限元模型分別進行了腹部安全帶動態(tài)加載驗證和尸體臺車碰撞仿真碰撞驗證。結(jié)果表明利用本文提出參數(shù)化人體有限元建模流程開發(fā)的肥胖人體模型具有較高的生物逼真度。在此基礎上,再次利用上文新建的參數(shù)化人體有限元模型和網(wǎng)格變形技術,對人體各局部區(qū)域逐步變形,得到BM1分別是25kg/m2、30kg/m2、35kg/m2和40kg/m2的人體有限元模型,并用于研究在車輛正面碰撞過程中人體肥胖特征對乘員損傷響應的影響。結(jié)果表明,與非肥胖乘員相比,肥胖乘員額外增加的人體質(zhì)量并由此導致了安全帶更差的佩戴路徑,使得其在正面碰撞事故中遭受更高的胸部以及下肢的損傷風險。本研究的結(jié)論可為以后的乘員約束系統(tǒng)設計開發(fā)提供相關的有用信息及理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Road traffic accidents are one of the important factors that cause human casualties. 1 million 200 thousand people die of road traffic accidents every year, about 20 million people suffer life-long disability. With the continuous development of automobile safety technology and the safety of occupants, the protection technology of passengers and passengers has made great progress. The occupant protection technique of the 5 thousand divided adults has matured. However, special groups, such as the aged and the obese, are more likely to be severely injured and killed in car collisions compared to adults with 5 thousand points, but the existing damage assessment tools such as the collision test dummy and the human finite element model do not take into account the age of the population. The diversity of the degree of obesity. Due to the improvement of medical conditions and the level of material life, the proportion of older people in the world and the proportion of obese people are increasing gradually. Therefore, the development of the finite element model of the aged and obese occupants and the study of the damage mechanism have become urgent need to be solved in the field of automobile safety research. On the basis of literature research, this paper makes use of anthropometry, statistical method, grid deformation technology, computer simulation and optimization technology to study the modeling method and damage mechanism of the finite element model for aging and obese occupants respectively. The main contents and innovation points of the research work are as follows:
1, the establishment of a parameterized geometric model of the rib cavity. By collecting a large number of clinical medical CT (Electronic Computer X-ray Tomography Technique) scanning data, the data is divided, the coordinates of the location mark point coordinates are obtained and the Procrustes analysis is used to establish the space of the rib space of the human body in the same coordinate system. On this basis, the principal component analysis and multivariate regression analysis are carried out on the spatial coordinate data set of the mark point space. The geometric model of the parameterized rib cavity based on the human body features is established and used to study the influence of age, sex, height and BMI (Body Mass Index) on the size and shape of the geometric model of the rib cavity. These human characteristic parameters have a significant influence on the geometric model of the rib cavity. At the same time, a statistical method is used to establish a linear mixed model of the cross section area of the ribs based on the characteristic parameters of the body. It is found that the other human characteristic parameters have significant influence on the cross section area of the ribs except BMI. The parameterized human body finite element model provides the basis for three-dimensional numerical modeling.
2, a set of parameterized grid deformation technology based on radial basis function theory is developed. This study uses geometric deformation method based on spline curve to approximate the spatial coordinates of mark points, and is used to analyze the coordinate data of mark points. Finally, the coordinates of coordinates in the reference space are mapped to the target position of the new space. The process of shooting includes the translation of the whole, the rotation of the stiffness, the scaling and the local bending. Through the mesh deformation technology, the reference model can be connected with the different target models, and the mesh deformation of the human skeleton model is studied by this technique. The results show that the method is fast and effective and can be used for the subsequent development of the parameterized human body. The research of metamodel provides a technical basis.
3, the process of establishing a crew finite element model with any specific parameters of human body is proposed, and the verification of the crew finite element model with designated human features is completed. In this study, a hybrid geometric model of the external profile of the human body and the internal skeleton structure is established by using the fourth generation human body finite element model developed by the Toyota Corporation. On this basis, using the grid deformation technology developed in this paper, a set of process for establishing the parameterized human finite element model is proposed. After that, a crew finite element model with pre designated human features is established and the validity of the model is verified. The results show that the parameterized human body is limited by this paper. The model developed by the meta modeling process has a high biological fidelity, so it can automatically generate the crew finite element model of any specific human characteristic parameters by the process. This provides an effective new idea to study the impact of the vehicle riding environment on the safety of the special crowd.
4, we studied and analyzed the damage mechanism of the aged and the influence of age on the risk of human rib fracture. In order to analyze the influence of age on human injury, this study established a finite element model of the chest under the condition of designated human characteristic parameters. The model was verified by rigorous simulation collision and with two different human characteristics. The parameters of the body samples were tested in the chest impact test. The results show that the established age based parametric chest finite element model has a higher simulation degree. In order to explore the material parameters, geometric model and structure properties of the body age related material, the effects on the mechanical properties of the thoracic raw material and the verifying chest are found. The results show that the geometric model of the chest, the material parameters of the ribs and the thickness of the rib bone, resulting in the linear stiffness characteristics of the chest, the Von Mises stress of the rib bone density and the first principal stress change, in particular, in the flushing. With the impact of hammer, the Von Mises stress and the first principal strain of the rib bone density increase gradually with the growth of human age, the geometric model of the chest, the material parameters of the ribs and the thickness of the rib bone. Considering the age of the human body, the failure stress and failure strain of the human bone tissue will be considered. Gradually decreasing, the elderly population will face greater risk of chest rib fracture during the collision process.
5, the damage mechanism of the obese occupants and the effect of obesity on the risk of occupants' injury are studied and analyzed. Based on the data of the only small number of obese people in the literature, the dynamic loading verification of the abdominal safety belt and the collision simulation of the carcass car collision are verified by the new parameterized human finite element model. The results show that the obese human model developed by the parameterized human finite element modeling process has high biological fidelity. On the basis of this, the new parameterized human body finite element model and grid deformation technology are used again to form the body parts gradually, and the BM1 is 25kg/m2,30kg/m2,35kg/m2 and 40, respectively. The human body finite element model of kg/m2 is used to study the effect of human obesity on the occupant's damage response during the frontal crash of a vehicle. The results show that the extra body mass of the obese occupants, compared with the non obese occupants, leads to the worse wear path of the seat belt, which makes it higher in the frontal crash. Conclusion: the conclusion of this study can provide useful information and theoretical basis for future occupant restraint system design and development.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U467.14;U491.61

【共引文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 白俊峰;任鵬飛;;基于某轎車正面碰撞的A柱折彎分析與優(yōu)化[J];北京汽車;2014年01期

2 馮靜;;側(cè)氣簾系統(tǒng)試驗中的開發(fā)研究[J];北京汽車;2014年03期

3 王亞芹;曹文鋼;徐穎俠;;炮彈箱的跌落碰撞分析研究[J];安陽工學院學報;2014年04期

4 呂償;李滟澤;楊志勇;;商用車駕駛室頂部及后圍強度仿真分析[J];廣西科技大學學報;2014年03期

5 葉松奎;吳長風;崔朝軍;;基于車體緩沖效率的校車學生座椅安全性優(yōu)化[J];機電技術;2014年01期

6 葉松奎;;基于尖頂?shù)刃Х讲ǖ目蛙囌媾鲎舶踩越Y(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化[J];客車技術與研究;2014年01期

7 盛晨函;曾忠;;汽車正碰撞假人軀干標定裝置設計[J];江南大學學報(自然科學版);2014年02期

8 姜潮;鄧善良;;考慮車輛高速和低速耐撞性的多目標優(yōu)化設計[J];計算力學學報;2014年04期

9 孫錦濤;王麗娟;陳宗渝;方柘林;黃書山;;基于側(cè)面碰撞安全性的汽車車身結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計[J];機械科學與技術;2014年09期

10 葉松奎;吳長風;黃登峰;;校車座椅動態(tài)試驗乘員損傷研究與優(yōu)化[J];客車技術與研究;2014年05期

相關博士學位論文 前10條

1 邱爽;顴骨“L”型截骨降低術的數(shù)字化分析與解剖學研究[D];北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院;2013年

2 蔣彬輝;兒童胸部有限元模型開發(fā)及損傷機理研究[D];湖南大學;2013年

3 王彬;骨關節(jié)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)溶質(zhì)輸運和關節(jié)軟骨胞內(nèi)鈣響應的原位示蹤研究[D];重慶大學;2013年

4 張婧;實驗性咬合紊亂致大鼠TMJ髁突骨關節(jié)炎樣變及Cx43半通道在關節(jié)軟骨退變中的作用[D];第四軍醫(yī)大學;2013年

5 蔡志華;汽車碰撞中胸部生物力學響應與損傷評估研究[D];華南理工大學;2013年

6 王冠;鋁合金薄壁梁結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化設計及其變形行為的研究[D];湖南大學;2013年

7 盧放;基于多學科優(yōu)化設計方法的白車身輕量化研究[D];吉林大學;2014年

8 李鐵柱;基于乘員約束能的微型客車正碰安全性正向設計方法研究[D];湖南大學;2012年

9 吳佳君;唇鼻肌肉系統(tǒng)三維斷面解剖及初步生物力學分析[D];北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院;2014年

10 李紀雄;基于熱成形高強鋼板的車身結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化分析與優(yōu)化[D];華南理工大學;2014年

，

本文編號：1961411