本文選題：城市交叉口 + 機動車運行特性　； 參考：《吉林大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：交叉口是城市路網(wǎng)中連續(xù)交通流與間斷交通流相互轉(zhuǎn)化的“咽喉”，常常發(fā)生交通擁堵，導致路網(wǎng)運行效率降低。機動車作為交叉口交通流的重要組成部分，其運行特性直接影響著交叉口的運行效率；對交叉口處機動車的運行特性進行深入分析和精確建模，可以更好的為交通管控、交通組織提供理論依據(jù)，有效地緩解交通擁堵。 機動車運行特性研究主要分為微觀運行特性和宏觀運行特性研究，交叉口處機動車微觀運行特性包括機動車的跟馳、換道、停車避讓等駕駛行為，這些駕駛行為通常是駕駛員在駕駛?cè)蝿蘸椭苓吔煌ōh(huán)境共同影響下，對機動車進行操縱體現(xiàn)出來的，機動車駕駛員不同的駕駛心理，會造成機動車不同的運行特性。由此可見，駕駛員是交叉口運行情況優(yōu)劣的核心，駕駛員駕駛心理是研究機動車運行特性的關(guān)鍵。故在交叉口機動車微觀運行特性方面，論文從交叉口處機動車駕駛員的駕駛心理角度入手，分析交叉口處客體對目標車輛駕駛員駕駛心理的影響，研究機動車駕駛員駕駛行為，進而實現(xiàn)了對交叉口機動車微觀運行特性的深入分析和精確建模。交叉口處機動車宏觀運行特性包括機動車的到達分布、傳播延誤、通行效率等，這些宏觀運行特性的研究對交叉口處交通管控、交通組織以及緩解交通擁堵有著重要的作用。為了對其進行詳細分析，論文結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計中的概率論模型、交通流理論中的流-密-速關(guān)系模型、交通波模型等，對交叉口機動車到達分布特性、延誤特性、傳播特性等等宏觀運行特性進行了定性描述，并結(jié)合視頻采集手段，對建立的模型進行了驗證。 論文的研究可以豐富和發(fā)展城市道路交通流理論，為交叉口的交通控制方案制定、交通組織管理等提供理論基礎(chǔ)，進而達到提升交叉口交通安全和交叉口通行效率的目的，論文的具體研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾部分： （1）研究了交叉口處機動車駕駛員駕駛心理受到的刺激影響情況。通過分析交叉口處客體對機動車駕駛員駕駛心理的影響情況，研究機動車不同運行狀態(tài)下的駕駛員駕駛心理，給出了機動車在運行時所需的安全距離和靜止時所需的安全距離及駕駛員的感知-響應情況，進而確定周邊客體對機動車駕駛員所產(chǎn)生的影響范圍和影響強度，并基于以上分析，構(gòu)建了交叉口處機動車駕駛員受到刺激影響的一般模型。 （2）分析了機動車駕駛員在不同刺激影響情況下的駕駛決策和駕駛行為。通過對不同刺激影響下的駕駛員心理決策過程進行分析，并結(jié)合貝葉斯概率理論和模糊聚類理論，建立了基于貝葉斯概率理論和模糊聚類理論的駕駛員駕駛行為決策模型；隨后利用第二章建立的駕駛員心理壓力模型及駕駛員的感知響應關(guān)系，確定了不同情況下的駕駛員心理壓力，給出了不同相應臨界值下的駕駛員駕駛行為，建立了駕駛員心理壓力與機動車運行特性的關(guān)系模型，并對模型的可行性進行了分析。 （3）建立了交叉口處阻滯和摩擦干擾下駕駛員駕駛行為模型。結(jié)合機動車運行特性與駕駛員駕駛心理的關(guān)系模型、駕駛員駕駛行為決策模型，研究交叉口處駕駛員在阻滯干擾下和摩擦干擾下的駕駛行為決策，分析機動車釋放過程中的阻滯干擾和摩擦干擾對駕駛員駕駛心理的影響情況，將駕駛員的應對行為和車輛運行行為進行數(shù)學抽象，建立摩擦干擾和阻滯干擾情況下的駕駛員駕駛行為模型，，確定了阻滯干擾和摩擦干擾下的機動車微觀運行特性。 （4）研究了交叉口機動車流的到達分布、延誤、傳播等宏觀運行特性。對交叉口處機動車的宏觀運行特性進行研究，本部分從上下游交叉口間的流量關(guān)系入手，通過分析交叉口處機動車的到達規(guī)律，綠燈末期的機動車運行特性，給出了交叉口機動車的到達分布模型、到達延誤模型，綠燈末期駕駛員駕駛行為模型。隨后結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計中的概率論模型、交通流理論中的流-密-速關(guān)系模型、交通波模型等，對交叉口機動車到達分布特性、延誤特性、傳播特性等等宏觀運行特性進行了定性描述，并結(jié)合視頻采集手段，對建立的模型進行了驗證。 最后，對論文的研究進展及主要成果進行總結(jié)，并提出研究過程中存在的主要問題以及下一步需要探索內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:The intersection is the "throat" which is transformed between continuous traffic flow and discontinuous traffic flow in urban road network. Traffic congestion often leads to the reduction of the efficiency of road network. As an important part of the traffic flow of the intersection, the operating characteristics of the vehicle directly affect the operating efficiency of the intersection and the running characteristics of the motor vehicles at the intersection. Deep analysis and accurate modeling can provide better theoretical basis for traffic control and traffic organization, and effectively alleviate traffic congestion.
The study of motor vehicle running characteristics is mainly divided into micro operation characteristics and macro operation characteristics. The micro operating characteristics of motor vehicles at the intersection include the driving behavior of motor vehicle following, changing lane and stopping and avoiding. These driving behavior is usually the driver's manipulating body under the influence of the driver's driving task and the surrounding environment. The different driving psychology of motorists will cause different running characteristics of motor vehicles. It can be seen that drivers are the core of the operation of intersections, driver psychology is the key to study the characteristics of motor vehicle operation. The driving psychology of the driver, the influence of the object on the driver's driving psychology of the target vehicle, the driving behavior of the motor vehicle driver is studied, and the microscopic running characteristics of the motor vehicle at the intersection are analyzed and modeled accurately. The macroscopic running characteristics of the motor vehicle at the intersection include the arrival and distribution of the motor vehicles. In order to analyze the traffic control, traffic organization and traffic congestion at the intersection, this paper combines the probability model of mathematical statistics, the flow density velocity relation model, the traffic wave model and so on, to the intersection. The characteristics of the vehicle arrival distribution, the delay characteristic, the propagation characteristic and so on are qualitatively described, and the model is verified with the video acquisition method.
The research of this paper can enrich and develop the theory of urban road traffic flow, provide the theoretical basis for the traffic control scheme and traffic organization management of the intersection, and then achieve the purpose of improving the traffic safety of the intersection and the efficiency of the intersection. The specific contents of this paper include the following parts:
(1) the driving psychology of motorists at the intersection is studied. Through the analysis of the influence of the object on the driver's driving psychology at the intersection, the driver psychology of the motor vehicle in different running states is studied. The safety distance required by the motor vehicle is given and the required safety when the motor vehicle is still at rest is given. The overall distance and the driver's perception response situation, and then determine the impact range and influence intensity of the peripheral objects on the motorists, and based on the above analysis, the general model of the driver's impact on the motorists at the intersection is built.
(2) the driving decision and driving behavior of motorists under the influence of different stimuli are analyzed. Through the analysis of the driver's psychological decision-making process under the influence of different stimuli, and combining Bayesian probability theory and fuzzy clustering theory, the driver's driving behavior based on Bayesian probability theory and fuzzy clustering theory is established. The driver's psychological pressure model and the driver's perception response relationship are then used to determine the driver's psychological pressure in the second chapters. The driver's driving behavior under different critical values is given. The model of the relationship between the driver's psychological pressure and the running characteristics of the motor car is established, and the model is also established. The feasibility is analyzed.
(3) the driving behavior model of the driver under the block and friction interference is established. The model of the driver's driving behavior is combined with the model of the driving behavior of the motor vehicle and the driver's driving psychology, and the driving behavior decision of the driver under the block interference and friction interference is studied, and the resistance of the vehicle in the process of the vehicle release is analyzed. The influence of hysteresis and friction interference on driver's driving psychology, the driver's response behavior and vehicle operation behavior are abstracted, and the driver behavior model of the driver's driving behavior under the condition of friction and block interference is established, and the micro operation characteristics of the motor car under the block interference and friction interference are determined.
(4) the macroscopic running characteristics of the vehicle flow, such as the arrival distribution, delay and transmission, are studied. The macroscopic operation characteristics of the motor vehicles at the intersection are studied. This part begins with the flow relationship between the upper and lower reaches of the intersection, and gives the intersection of the motor vehicle's running characteristics at the end of the green light by the analysis of the flow relationship between the upper and lower reaches of the intersection. The arrival distribution model of the motor vehicle, the arrival delay model, the driver's driving behavior model at the end of the green light, then combined with the probability model in the mathematical statistics, the flow density velocity relation model, the traffic wave model in the traffic flow theory, and the macroscopic running characteristics of the vehicle arrival distribution, the delay characteristic, the propagation characteristic and so on. A qualitative description is given, and the model is verified by means of video collection.
Finally, the paper summarizes the research progress and main achievements of the paper, and points out the main problems in the research process and the next step to explore the content.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.23;U491.25

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