本文選題：大客車 + 生存空間　； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人口流動(dòng)日益加劇，這對(duì)交通系統(tǒng)的可靠性與安全性也提出了更高的要求。大客車依然在我國的交通運(yùn)輸中扮演著重要的角色，而大客車事故因其“群死群傷”的危害性之大更值得引起科研工作者以及相關(guān)政府部門的注意。本文針對(duì)近兩年頻發(fā)的一種大客車交通事故類型——側(cè)翻碰撞護(hù)欄事故進(jìn)行了分析研究，主要工作包括以下幾方面： （1）建立大客車車身有限元模型。以某12m長大客車車身為原型建立了仿真計(jì)算用車身模型，，包括三維CAD模型建立與簡化，部件材料及屬性參數(shù)設(shè)置，有限元網(wǎng)格劃分，部件連接處理，質(zhì)量單元添加。并對(duì)車身有限元模型質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢查，確保計(jì)算的可靠性。 （2）側(cè)翻碰撞護(hù)欄有限元模型完善。護(hù)欄的CAD模型尺寸依照國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JTGD81-2006《公路交通安全設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則》的規(guī)定確定，之后導(dǎo)入有限元前處理軟件進(jìn)行材料及屬性參數(shù)設(shè)置、有限元網(wǎng)格劃分。大客車的初始運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)設(shè)置參考?xì)W盟ECE R66標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并添加必要的運(yùn)動(dòng)以模擬真實(shí)交通事故。 （3）大客車側(cè)翻碰撞護(hù)欄事故重構(gòu)。運(yùn)用顯式動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算方法分析有限元模型，重構(gòu)事故，分析計(jì)算可靠性，并依據(jù)ECE R66生存空間的定義評(píng)判事故嚴(yán)重性。 （4）事故設(shè)計(jì)改善研究。以保護(hù)生存空間為目的，從大客車結(jié)構(gòu)本身與護(hù)欄結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)兩方面進(jìn)行改善。改進(jìn)大客車側(cè)窗立柱結(jié)構(gòu)降低事故損失；采用全新結(jié)構(gòu)的護(hù)欄設(shè)計(jì)，并選用均勻設(shè)計(jì)法設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)和響應(yīng)面分析法優(yōu)化護(hù)欄參數(shù)。 本文探討了側(cè)翻碰撞護(hù)欄這類大客車交通事故的重構(gòu)方法與改進(jìn)措施。在改善車身設(shè)計(jì)方面對(duì)歐盟ECE R66的翻滾試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充，可供大客車設(shè)計(jì)人員參考；在提高護(hù)欄可靠性方面的研究結(jié)果對(duì)國家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定者有建設(shè)性的提議。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society in our country, population flow is becoming more and more serious, which puts forward higher requirements for the reliability and safety of transportation system. Bus still plays an important role in the transportation of our country, and the bus accident is worth the attention of scientific research workers and related government departments because of its great harm of "group death and group injury". In this paper, a type of bus traffic accident, rollover collision guardrail accident, which occurs frequently in the past two years, is analyzed and studied. The main work includes the following aspects: The finite element model of bus body is established. Based on the prototype of a 12m bus body, the body model for simulation calculation is established, including the establishment and simplification of 3D CAD model, the setting of material and attribute parameters of components, the mesh division of finite element, the connection processing of components, and the addition of mass element. The quality of the finite element model is checked to ensure the reliability of the calculation. 2) the finite element model of rollover impact guardrail is perfect. The size of the CAD model of the guardrail is determined according to the regulations of the National Standard JTGD81-2006 (detailed rules for the Design of Highway Traffic Safety facilities), and then the material and attribute parameters are set up by introducing the finite element pretreatment software, and the finite element mesh is divided. The initial motion state of the bus is set according to the EU ECE R66 standard, and the necessary motion is added to simulate the real traffic accident. 3) Reconstruction of bus rollover collision guardrail accident. The explicit dynamic calculation method is used to analyze the finite element model, to reconstruct the accident, to analyze the reliability of the calculation, and to judge the severity of the accident according to the definition of the living space of ECE R66. Research on accident design improvement. In order to protect the living space, the bus structure itself and the guardrail structure design are improved. Improving the column structure of side window of bus to reduce the accident loss, adopting the new structure of guardrail design, and choosing the uniform design method to design test and response surface analysis method to optimize the guardrail parameters. This paper discusses the reconstruction method and improvement measures of bus traffic accidents such as rollover collision guardrail. The rolling test of EU ECE R66 is supplemented in improving body design, which can be used as reference for bus designers, and the research results in improving the reliability of guardrail are constructive suggestions to the national standard setters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U467.14;U417.12

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