發(fā)布時間：2018-03-28 22:35

  本文選題：孤立波　切入點：海堤　出處：《上海交通大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：海嘯、風暴潮等海洋類災害近年來時有發(fā)生，給人類沿海地區(qū)的生產和生活帶來極大的破壞。海堤作為重要海岸防護工程建筑物，，是保護沿海地區(qū)抵御災害的重要屏障，目前沿海地區(qū)最為常用的海堤結構類型即為斜坡式的海堤。從大量海洋災害造成的海堤破壞案例來看，海堤越浪是造成海堤破壞最為主要的原因之一。海嘯等淺水大波沖擊海堤，越過堤頂，沖刷堤頂和后坡，破壞海堤的結構和穩(wěn)定。自上個世紀起，國內外不少學者就開始對波浪作用下海堤的越浪量和越浪流的情況進行研究，取得了一定成果，但對孤立波的越浪情況研究不多。本文針對不同形式的海堤模型，主要研究了孤立波作用下，海堤越浪水動力特性。 針對簡單堤斷面，在不同堤前水深和相對波高下，進行一系列物理模型實驗，主要分析了海堤的越浪量，堤頂越浪水體流態(tài)和波壓，堤頂流場分布和堤頂越浪流流速和厚度等。孤立波越浪量隨來波相對波高的增大而增加，隨著堤頂相對超高的減小呈指數(shù)增大�；谠嚼肆繉嶒灁�(shù)據(jù)建立了斜坡堤上孤立波越浪量的經驗預報公式，與以往的研究成果進行對比，驗證了公式的有效性。在不同工況下，進行孤立波堤頂流場的PIV測量。研究了堤頂越浪水體的形態(tài)、波壓和流場分布等的變化規(guī)律，并且給出了細致的流場結構。堤頂越浪流的PIV測量結果表明，堤頂越浪流最大垂線平均流速沿程增加；在同種水深同一位置處，其垂線平均流速最大值隨著相對波高的增大而增大；堤頂越浪流厚度沿程減小，隨著傳播的進行減小的速度變緩；堤頂最大波壓出現(xiàn)在堤頂前緣且沿程減小�；赑IV測量結果得到孤立波越浪量與越浪量的直接測量結果進行對比，兩者一致性較好驗證了PIV測量方法的可行性和有效性。 針對復合堤模型，采用高速攝像技術和流動顯示技術，主要分析在同種水深不同相對波高下，堤頂越浪水體的形態(tài)和堤頂波壓的變化情況。隨著相對波高的增加，堤頂越浪流的變化更加劇烈，最大波壓也隨之增加，且最大波壓出現(xiàn)位置向后坡方向移動。
[Abstract]:Tsunami, storm surge and other marine disasters have occurred frequently in recent years, which bring great damage to the production and life of human coastal areas. As an important coastal protection engineering building, seawall is an important barrier to protect coastal areas from disasters. At present, the most commonly used type of seawall structure in coastal areas is sloping seawall. Wave surpassing is one of the most important causes of breakwater damage. Large waves of shallow water, such as the tsunami, hit the seawall, crossed the top of the embankment, washed the top and back slope of the seawall, and destroyed the structure and stability of the seawall. Many scholars at home and abroad have begun to study the surpassing quantity and current of seawall under the action of waves, and have obtained some achievements, but there are few researches on the surpassing of solitary waves. In this paper, we focus on different types of seawall models. The dynamic characteristics of seawall surfacing under the action of solitary wave are studied. In this paper, a series of physical model experiments are carried out under different water depth and relative wave height in front of the simple embankment. The surpassing quantity of the seawall, the water flow pattern and the wave pressure at the top of the seawall are analyzed. The flow field distribution at the top of the embankment and the velocity and thickness of the surpassing wave flow at the top of the embankment increase with the increase of the relative wave height of the incoming wave. Based on the experimental data of surpassing wave volume, the empirical prediction formula of solitary wave overtaking on slope embankment is established, which is compared with the previous research results, and the validity of the formula is verified. The PIV measurement of the flow field at the top of the isolated wave breakwater is carried out. The variation law of the water form, wave pressure and the distribution of the flow field are studied, and the detailed flow field structure is given. The PIV measurement results of the surpassing wave flow at the top of the breakwater show that, The average velocity along the maximum vertical line of the top of the embankment increased; at the same position of the same water depth, the maximum velocity of the vertical line increased with the increase of the relative wave height, and the thickness of the surpassing wave flow at the top of the embankment decreased along the course. The maximum wave pressure on the top of the breakwater appears at the front edge of the top of the embankment and decreases along the path. Based on the PIV measurement results, the direct measurement results of the solitary wave overtaking and surpassing wave are compared. The consistency between the two methods verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the PIV measurement method. In view of the composite embankment model, high speed camera technique and flow display technique are used to analyze the changes of the water shape and the wave pressure at the top of the embankment under different relative wave heights of the same water depth, with the increase of the relative wave height. The change of the surpassing wave flow at the top of the embankment is more intense, the maximum wave pressure also increases with it, and the position of the maximum wave pressure moves back to the slope direction.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U656.314

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 李昌良;梁丙臣;;不規(guī)則波越浪率計算的一個新公式[J];海洋通報;2008年05期

2 盧無疆;;直立堤堤前拋石對越浪量的影響[J];海洋工程;1985年01期

3 劉樺,吳衛(wèi),王本龍,楊永荻;完全非線性孤立波的直墻反射[J];海洋工程;2000年01期

4 祝會兵;于穎;戴世強;;海嘯數(shù)值計算研究進展[J];水動力學研究與進展(A輯);2006年06期

5 李維濤,王靜,陳麗棠;海堤工程防風暴潮標準研究[J];水利規(guī)劃與設計;2003年04期

6 余廣明;章家昌;周家寶;;風浪在單坡堤上的越頂流量[J];水利水運科學研究;1991年03期

7 王紅，周家寶，章家昌;單坡堤上不規(guī)則波越浪量的估算[J];水利水運科學研究;1996年01期

8 陳國平,周益人,琚烈紅;海堤護面型式對波浪爬高和越浪的影響[J];水運工程;2005年10期

9 宣瑞韜;吳衛(wèi);劉樺;房奰柳;;雙孤立波直墻爬高的實驗研究[J];水動力學研究與進展A輯;2013年03期

10 LIN Ting-Chieh;HWANG Kao-Shu;HSIAO Shih-Chun;YANG Ray-Yeng;;AN EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF A SOLITARY WAVE IMPINGE-MENT,RUN-UP AND OVERTOPPING ON A SEAWALL[J];Journal of Hydrodynamics;2012年01期

本文編號：1678403