本文選題：雙曲拱橋　切入點：構(gòu)造　出處：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：雙曲拱橋是中國獨有的一種橋型,屬于鋼筋少混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。雙曲拱橋具有與周圍環(huán)境融為一體的輕巧外形、實用性強的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu),耗用鋼材和木料少,施工中能化整為零,裝配式施工,可分段拼裝波形拱梁,自重輕,需要起重設(shè)備少,制造容易,安裝方便,易于當時搞群眾運動,可適應廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的要求等特點。問世始于1964年4月17日,在無錫縣東亭鎮(zhèn)南首的板橋濱上,一座有別于傳統(tǒng)拱橋的服務(wù)于農(nóng)業(yè)的特殊橋梁誕生。由于橋梁整體表現(xiàn)形式為橫向和縱向都呈現(xiàn)曲形,人們就稱為雙曲拱橋。雙曲拱橋克服了一般拱橋在重荷載下橫向方向容易彎曲變形的缺陷,同時繼承發(fā)揚古代石拱橋的優(yōu)點。使橋梁壓力較好地分布于橋梁整體,將承重受力部位主拱圈、拱波等做成橫向與縱向均為拱形曲線,提高了橋梁的強度和穩(wěn)定性。這種橋的優(yōu)點：是較相同跨度拱橋,節(jié)約鋼材、混凝土等建筑材料,造價低,同時承載能力大大提高；施工進度快,可少支架施工甚至無拱架施工,節(jié)省木材,充分發(fā)揮其預制拼裝的特點；在外觀表現(xiàn)上,雙曲拱橋縱橫兩個方向均呈現(xiàn)曲形,更美觀,且富于變化。 由于雙曲拱橋出現(xiàn)于文革時期,興起、大力發(fā)展處于60-70年代,在鄉(xiāng)村公路中十分常見。因特殊歷史時期的生產(chǎn)力局限及橋梁維護意識的淡薄,該橋型的設(shè)計荷載等級普遍較低,自身結(jié)構(gòu)還存在較多結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷,橋梁的整體承載力低,橋臺容易產(chǎn)生水平推移,穩(wěn)定性差。長期以來,橋梁重建輕養(yǎng)的現(xiàn)象并不鮮見,橋梁建成之后疏于養(yǎng)護,致使小的缺陷病害發(fā)展到影響到安全的嚴重病害事例很多。隨著我國經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展,交通量急劇增加,同時車輛的荷載遠遠超出橋梁自身設(shè)計荷載的等級要求,橋梁在長期的超負荷的作用下,逐漸出現(xiàn)病害,嚴重者成為危橋。現(xiàn)今,我國有許多省份交通管理部門為一勞永逸的解決橋梁的安全隱患把雙曲拱橋作為交通行業(yè)加固改造的重點橋型,開始將雙曲拱橋列入維修及加固改造計劃中。甚至有些擁有雙曲拱橋數(shù)量較少的省份提出“消滅雙曲拱橋”,改建為梁式橋。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,我國目前現(xiàn)存4萬多座雙曲拱橋,把如此數(shù)量之多的雙曲拱橋不加區(qū)別地一概拆除重建,對周邊人文、環(huán)境的影響、對社會經(jīng)濟效益的影響以及對交通和出行的影響均顯得十分沉重。如果對這批特定歷史時期的橋型進行病害的歸納分析,提出行之有效的加固改造方案,有針對性的對雙曲拱橋進行加固改造,延長其使用壽命,繼續(xù)服務(wù)于社會,將節(jié)約大量社會的人力和物力,并且使這種全世界獨有的、優(yōu)美造型橋梁得以繼續(xù)使用和長期的保存 對于雙曲拱橋應根據(jù)不同情況不同處理的辦法,而不是機械地一刀切,粗暴生硬地“消滅”重建,對還能夠利用的進行橋梁現(xiàn)狀鑒定分析、優(yōu)化改造方案進行維修和改造,盡可能利用原有橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的使用效能,提高橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的荷載等級和通行能力,并延長原使用壽命。比較常用的處理方式為改變截面形式如增大截面、粘貼鋼板和纖維芳玻韌布等復合材料或者增強橫向整體性等方法加固。 本論文以雙曲拱橋的病害分析、維修加固改造為研究方向,以對雙曲拱橋的技術(shù)檢測、病害癥狀分析和維修改造進行學習、研究和總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,論述了雙曲拱橋區(qū)別與其它拱橋、梁式板橋獨特的構(gòu)造和內(nèi)力分布等特征,對雙曲拱橋的常見病害進行歸類,并對產(chǎn)生病害的原因進行分析,總結(jié)雙曲拱橋普遍共性的病害基礎(chǔ)上匯總傳統(tǒng)的加固方法并提出新穎的綜合加固辦法,限于篇幅重點介紹雙曲拱上部結(jié)構(gòu)的加固方法。并以寶石河雙曲拱橋為典型工程實例,著重介紹了雙曲拱橋的典型病害,加固前后建模分析,設(shè)計與施工,加固處理后應力和穩(wěn)定性的提高,加固后良好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會影響。為雙曲拱橋的維修、延長使用壽命提供病害鑒定分析、加固方案與施工技術(shù)參考。
[Abstract]:Double arch bridge is a bridge Chinese unique, belongs to a reinforced concrete structure. The less curved arch bridge with low profile surrounding environment. The practical economic structure, consumption of steel and wood, in the construction of prefabricated construction, can break up the whole into parts, assembling the waveform can be segmented arch beam, light weight, less need lifting equipment, easy manufacture, convenient installation, easy when making the mass movement, can adapt to the agricultural development in rural areas demands. Publication began in April 17, 1964, in the Dong Ting Wuxi County Banqiao Town first on the waterfront, a special bridge is different from the traditional arch bridge for agriculture was born. Due to the overall form for transverse bridge are vertical and curved, it is called hyperbolic arch bridge. It overcomes the defect of double arch bridge arch bridge transverse direction under heavy loads easily bending deformation, and carry forward the inheritance of ancient stone The advantages of the arch bridge. The bridge to the whole bridge pressure distribution better, the load-bearing force parts of the main arch, arch made of transverse and longitudinal wave are the arch curve, improves the strength and stability of the bridge. This bridge is more advantages: the same span arch bridge, save steel, concrete and other building materials cost. At the same time, low bearing capacity is greatly improved; fast construction speed, little or no arch support construction construction, give full play to the characteristics of wood saving, precast; in appearance, vertical and horizontal double arch bridge in two directions were curved, more beautiful, and full of change.
Because of the emergence of double arch bridge appeared in the cultural revolution period, and vigorously develop in 60-70 years, is very common in rural highway. Because of the limitation and the productivity in the special historical period of bridge maintenance consciousness, design load of the bridge is generally low, the structure also has more structural defects, the overall carrying capacity of bridge abutment is low. Easy level goes on, poor stability. For a long time, the bridge reconstruction of light phenomenon is not uncommon, the bridge built after the neglect of maintenance, resulting in small defects to affect the safety of serious diseases in many instances. With the rapid development of China's economy, the traffic volume increased dramatically, while the vehicle load is far beyond the bridge's design the load level requirement, bridge in the long-term overload under the action of emerging diseases, which has become a dangerous bridge. Today, many of our province traffic management department To solve the safety problems of bridge to double arch bridge as a key bridge reinforcement in the transportation industry, began to be included in the maintenance and reinforcement of double arch bridge plan. Even some have a small number of double arch bridge provinces proposed "destroy double arch bridge, beam bridge built for change. According to statistics, China's existing more than 40 thousand hyperbolic the double curved arch bridge arch bridge, so the number of indiscriminate indiscriminate demolition and reconstruction, on the surrounding humanity, environmental impact, impact on social and economic benefits and impact on traffic and travel is ten heavy. If the bridge analysis for this batch of specific historical period of disease induction, put forward strengthening plan effective, targeted for reinforcement of double arch bridge, prolong the service life, to serve the society, the society will save a lot of manpower and material resources, and And make this kind of world unique, beautiful modeling bridge to continue to use and long-term preservation
For the double arch bridge according to the different treatment methods in different situations, rather than mechanically across the board, gruff to "destroy" of reconstruction, it can analyze the present situation of the bridge identification using, maintenance and renovation of retrofit scheme, using efficiency as far as possible the use of the original bridge structure, improve the level of bridge structure and traffic load ability, and the extension of the original life. Compared with commonly used methods for changing the section forms such as increasing section, paste steel plate and fiber fibrwrap composite materials such as reinforced or transverse integral reinforcement method.
This paper takes the double curved arch bridge disease analysis, as the research direction in the reform of maintenance and strengthening technology, detection of the double arch bridge, disease symptom analysis and maintenance of learning, basic research and summary, discusses the difference and the other double arch bridge arch bridge, beam bridge unique structure and the internal force distribution characteristics of common diseases the double curved arch bridge are classified, and the causes of disease were analyzed, summarized the common diseases of double arch bridge on the summary of the traditional reinforcement methods and puts forward a comprehensive reinforcement method of novel, limited space introduces hyperbolic arch reinforcement method of upper structure. And the gem River double curved arch bridge as a typical example. It focuses on the typical double arch bridge diseases, modeling and analysis before and after reinforcement, design and construction, the reinforcement stress and improve the stability, with good economic benefit and social For the maintenance of the double curved arch bridge and the prolongation of the service life, the disease identification and analysis are provided, and the reinforcement scheme and the construction technology are referenced.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U445.72

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