本文選題：撞擊船舶　切入點：防護裝置　出處：《江蘇科技大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟的增長和社會的發(fā)展，橋梁建設(shè)越來越多，船舶運輸也越來越頻繁，環(huán)境和人為操作失誤等因素使船橋碰撞問題研究的迫切性日益突出。 本文采用非線性有限元軟件ANSYS/LS-DYNA對大型撞擊船舶與橋梁發(fā)生碰撞的過程進行了數(shù)值仿真計算。論文闡述了數(shù)值仿真中所用到的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；探討了船橋碰撞仿真的建模技術(shù)和參數(shù)選取等問題，并以此為基礎(chǔ)，分別建立了船艏-橋梁碰撞的有限元模型，船艏-單元未填充防護裝置-橋梁模型，船艏-單元填充防護裝置-橋梁模型，然后進行數(shù)值仿真，計算分析了碰撞過程中的碰撞力、能量轉(zhuǎn)化以及結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷變形等，并將三種情況下得到的結(jié)果進行了比對分析得出相應(yīng)結(jié)論。論文最后討論了防護裝置的設(shè)計參數(shù)對防護性能的影響，然后對其結(jié)構(gòu)形式進行相關(guān)調(diào)整，使其具有可拆卸性。本文主要研究工作及結(jié)論如下： (1)消化吸收撞擊仿真中采用的非線性有限元軟件的相關(guān)理論及主要方法。 (2)總結(jié)歸納防護裝置的設(shè)計要求和分類方法，并結(jié)合實例詳細闡述了八種防護裝置的工作原理、適用范圍及其優(yōu)缺點和各類防護裝置的發(fā)展方向，文章將選取緩沖體方式的鋼箱結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)探討了船橋碰撞仿真中的建模技術(shù)及參數(shù)選取，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元軟件建立了船艏-橋梁碰撞的有限元模型，對碰撞全過程進行仿真模擬分析。結(jié)果表明：當橋梁未設(shè)立防護裝置時，船舶的撞擊動能主要轉(zhuǎn)化為撞擊船舶的變形能，橋梁吸收相對較少的能量，但是由于橋梁可抗撞擊力相對很小，應(yīng)對其采取保護措施。 (4)采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元軟件建立了船艏-單元未填充防護裝置-橋梁模型，對其碰撞過程進行模擬分析，并將得到的計算結(jié)果與未設(shè)立防護裝置情況進行比對分析。結(jié)果表示：當橋梁設(shè)立普通防護裝置時，撞擊船舶的總動能主要轉(zhuǎn)化為防護裝置的變形能，橋梁所受到的沖擊力減少30%左右，橋梁和船舶都受到良好的保護。 (5)運用ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件建立了船艏-單元填充防護裝置-橋梁模型，選用三種不同密度的泡沫鋁材料作為填充物，對其碰撞過程進行模擬分析，，并將得到的計算結(jié)果與設(shè)立普通防護裝置的情況進行比對分析。結(jié)果表示：當泡沫鋁作為填充物添加防護裝置的單元結(jié)構(gòu)時，其吸能效率會比普通防護裝置明顯增加，而且密度為0.56g/cm3的泡沫鋁相對另外兩種密度的泡沫鋁能更大限度的提高防護裝置的吸能效率。 (6)研究防護裝置設(shè)計參數(shù)對防護裝置防撞性能的影響，如：不同撞擊位置與不同板厚度，以得到最佳參數(shù)，使結(jié)構(gòu)得到優(yōu)化。得出的結(jié)論為：船與裝置的變形損傷以正碰最為嚴重；適當減小防護裝置的板厚，但是不允許防護裝置的板厚太小。 (7)改進普通防護裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)，其單個結(jié)構(gòu)單元采用由鋼板拼接而成，角點處和相交邊界處進行螺栓錨固形式。數(shù)值模擬后發(fā)現(xiàn)改進后的防撞裝置的防撞性能稍稍優(yōu)于普通防護裝置，但是改進后的裝置具有可拆卸性，具有強大的經(jīng)濟效益。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economy and society, more and more bridges, ships are becoming more and more frequent, the environment and human error factors such as the urgency of the problem of collision has become increasingly prominent.
This paper uses the nonlinear finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA to process large impact vessel bridge collision is simulated. The paper describes the key technologies used in numerical simulation; discusses the problem of selecting modeling technology and parameters of ship bridge collision simulation, and on this basis, the finite element model of ship - bridge collision establish ship - unit unfilled protection - bridge model, ship - filling unit protection device of bridge model, then the numerical simulation analysis of collision force calculation, energy conversion and structural damage and deformation, and three cases results were compared the corresponding results are obtained. The influence of design parameters on the protective performance of protective device is discussed, and then adjust related to its structure, which has the disassembly. The main research work and conclusions are as follows:
(1) the related theories and main methods of the nonlinear finite element software used in the simulation of absorption and absorption.
(2) summarize the design requirements and classification methods of protective devices. Combined with examples, the working principles, application scope, advantages and disadvantages of the eight kinds of protective devices and the development direction of all kinds of protective devices are elaborated.
(3) discusses the technology of modeling and Simulation of ship bridge collision parameter selection, establish a finite element model of ship - bridge collision using ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software, the whole process of collision simulation analysis. The results show that when the bridge has not set up the protective device, the main ship impact energy into the impact deformation of ship can absorb less energy, bridge, but the bridge anti impact force is relatively small, should take protective measures.
(4) a bow - unit unfilled protection - bridge model using ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software, the collision process is simulated and analyzed, and the calculation results and did not set up a protective device are analyzed. The results indicated: when the bridge set up general protection device, the total kinetic energy of the ship's main impact into the deformation protection device can impact the bridge, reduced by about 30%, bridges and ships are well protected.
(5) a bow - filling unit protection device - bridge model using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, using three kinds of different density of aluminum foam as filler, the collision process is simulated and analyzed, and the calculation results and the establishment of common protective device in the comparative analysis. The results showed that when aluminum foam as the unit structure filler material protection device, the energy absorption efficiency will be significantly increased than normal protective device, and the density of aluminum foam 0.56g/cm3 relative to the other two kinds of aluminum foam density can improve the energy absorption efficiency of protection device.
(6) effects of design parameters on the protective device, the anti-collision performance of protective device such as: impact of different position and different plate thickness, in order to obtain the best parameters, the structure has been optimized. The conclusion is that the deformation and damage of ship and the device is to touch the most serious; reduce the protective device of plate thickness, but do not allow the protective device of plate thickness is too small.
(7) improving the structure of common protective device, the single structure unit used by steel plate splicing, corner and boundary of intersection bolt. Find the anti-collision performance of anti-collision device improved slightly better than the common protective device of numerical simulation, but the improved device has a removable, powerful economic benefits.

【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U447;U443.26

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