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  本文選題：高速公路　切入點：駕駛人　出處：《長安大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來我國高速公路隧道數(shù)量及里程急劇增長，山區(qū)隧道群路段隧道密集、間距短，進出口光環(huán)境急劇變化，使得駕駛環(huán)境在較短時間和空間內(nèi)頻繁改變，對駕駛人的心理和生理造成較大影響，安全隱患突出。資料顯示，大部分公路隧道交通事故與駕駛人相關，，車輛運行中駕駛人主要靠視覺獲取交通信息，在隧道群路段遭遇的視覺明暗適應過程會嚴重影響信息的感知過程，造成短暫的視覺“空白”，極易引發(fā)交通事故。 本文在對高速公路隧道群路段環(huán)境特征調(diào)研的基礎上，結合對433起典型公路隧道交通事故的系統(tǒng)歸納，分析特殊路段交通事故時空分布特征及事故誘因，基于駕駛人視覺適應理論，確定將瞳孔面積作為駕駛人視覺明暗適應表征參數(shù)。隨機選取一定樣本量的駕駛人開展道路實車實驗，利用眼動儀記錄駕駛人瞳孔面積數(shù)據(jù)，照度計測量環(huán)境光照度值，其他設備記錄相關參數(shù)。運用一元非線性回歸分析，得出隧道環(huán)境光照度E與距隧道進出口的距離d之間的冪函數(shù)關系。統(tǒng)計分析非隧道路段、隧道群不同區(qū)段之間的瞳孔面積差異性，選定50m為一個單位，分析獨立單一隧道進出口段駕駛人瞳孔面積變化規(guī)律，運用數(shù)理建模方法定量分析駕駛人瞳孔面積Q隨環(huán)境光照度E的變化規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)ln(Q/E)與ln(E)之間具有線性函數(shù)關系，構建了駕駛人瞳孔面積與環(huán)境光照度之間的冪函數(shù)關系模型，同時給出瞳孔面積變化速度VQ與車速v、環(huán)境光照度E和距離d之間的關系模型。 根據(jù)隧道進出口內(nèi)外光環(huán)境變化規(guī)律，對高速公路隧道進行“3區(qū)段”劃分。針對車輛在隧道群路段行駛時駕駛人經(jīng)歷的光線明暗適應交替過程，提出隧道群路段“6小段”劃分方式。分析了包（頭）茂（名）高速西（安）-柞（水）段上行方向典型隧道群路段的駕駛人瞳孔面積變化規(guī)律。構建表征隧道連接段駕駛人視覺負荷水平大小的瞳孔面積最大差值QM V與隧道連接段長度L f之間的二次曲線模型，從滿足駕駛人順適通過的心理生理要求出發(fā)，提出了改善隧道群特殊路段環(huán)境光照度的建議措施。
[Abstract]:The number of highway tunnel in China and the mileage increase sharply in recent years, the mountain tunnel group section tunnel spacing is short, dense, import and export of rapidly changing light environment, the driving environment change frequently in a short period of time and space, resulting in a greater impact on the driver's psychological and physiological, safety hazards prominent. Data shows, most of highway traffic accidents the tunnel and the driver, vehicle drivers mainly rely on visual traffic information, the tunnel group section suffered visual dark adaptation process will seriously affect the perception of the process of information, resulting in short vision of "blank", easily lead to accidents.
Based on highway tunnel group section environmental characteristics research, combined with the system of 433 typical highway tunnel traffic accident summary, analysis of special traffic accidents in temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and factors driving people visual adaptation based on the theory of determining the pupil area as the driver's visual light dark adaptation parameters. To carry out road vehicle characterization the randomly selected sample of the driver, the driver pupil area data using eye tracker, the illuminance meter measuring the illuminance values in the environment, other devices to record relevant parameters. Using regression analysis, a nonlinear element, the tunnel illumination environment E and the tunnel import and export of the distance d between the power function relationship. Statistical analysis of non the tunnel section, the pupil area between different sections of the tunnel group difference, 50m was selected as a unit, independent analysis of single tunnel entrance pupil driver Area changes, using the quantitative mathematical modeling method to analyze the changes of pupil area with Q driver environment illumination E, ln (Q/E) and ln (E) with linear function, constructs the power function relation model between the driver and the pupil area ambient illumination, and gives the rate of change of the pupil area VQ and V speed, illumination and distance relation model between the D E environment.
According to the tunnel import and export changes of light environment inside and outside the "3 section" division of highway tunnel. According to the vehicle in the road when driving tunnels through the light dark adaptation processes, the tunnel group section "6 small" division. Analysis of the package (head) Mao (name) West (ANN) high speed - oak (water) driver pupil area variation section upstream of the typical tunnel sections of the tunnel construction group. Characterization of connecting section of the driver's visual load level the size of the pupil area maximum difference V and two QM tunnel connecting curve between F length from L model, meet the psychological and physiological requirements of the driver goes on smoothly. And put forward improvement suggestions and measures of tunnel group of special section of ambient illumination.

【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U459.2;U471.3

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