本文選題：隨機(jī)荷載　切入點(diǎn)：人行橋振動(dòng)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)人車流量激增及交通空間與人居空間的緊鄰化,交通、人群作用下結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)引起的舒適性及噪聲問(wèn)題日益突顯。本文以橋梁振動(dòng)引起的舒適性問(wèn)題和輻射低頻噪聲問(wèn)題為對(duì)象,針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的確定性方法對(duì)在結(jié)構(gòu)受力及人體感覺(jué)不確定性方面中考慮的不足,本文基于概率方法提出了能同時(shí)考慮荷載隨機(jī)性及個(gè)體差異性影響的振動(dòng)舒適性及聲環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)方法。一方面通過(guò)建立隨機(jī)人群及車流荷載下結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)計(jì)算分析體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)了結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)的概率化分析；另一方面,結(jié)合已有的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立了考慮個(gè)體感覺(jué)差異性影響下,振感和噪聲上的概率分布曲線,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)在多方面隨機(jī)因素影響下的全面客觀評(píng)價(jià)。 通過(guò)結(jié)合實(shí)際工程的應(yīng)用分析,本文的工作及得到的主要結(jié)論如下： 1、開(kāi)發(fā)了精確模擬步行荷載下人行天橋振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的計(jì)算方法,通過(guò)與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對(duì)比,檢驗(yàn)了算法的精度及有效性；并基于本文提出的振動(dòng)舒適性評(píng)估方法,系統(tǒng)研究了隨機(jī)人群荷載下結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的舒適性。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于基頻大于3Hz的人行橋,也有可能出現(xiàn)振動(dòng)不舒適性。 2、以柔性索道橋在步伐荷載作用下的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)計(jì)算和舒適性評(píng)價(jià)為對(duì)象,建立了簡(jiǎn)便的索道橋非線性振動(dòng)方程及算法,并通過(guò)與振動(dòng)實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了算法的有效性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了隨機(jī)人群荷載下結(jié)構(gòu)的舒適性。結(jié)果表明,柔性索道橋由于結(jié)構(gòu)剛度小、頻率低,在步伐荷載下易在高階振型頻率發(fā)生步伐共振,影響橋梁的使用舒適性。 3、以下掛式人行橋?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,分別對(duì)在隨機(jī)人群荷載及隨機(jī)車流作用下,結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的概率分布特點(diǎn)及舒適性進(jìn)行了研究；特別是在車流作用分析中,考慮了車過(guò)伸縮縫時(shí)的沖擊效應(yīng),通過(guò)與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比,對(duì)伸縮縫沖擊效應(yīng)的模擬方法及其對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)舒適性的影響進(jìn)行了研究；結(jié)果表明,這類人行橋的舒適性主要受伸縮縫沖擊效應(yīng)的影響。 4、以一分離式鋼箱梁橋的振動(dòng)聲輻射預(yù)測(cè)及聲環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)為對(duì)象,通過(guò)與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了車橋耦合振動(dòng)結(jié)合點(diǎn)聲源法求解體系在預(yù)測(cè)振動(dòng)聲輻射上的有效性；在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)隨機(jī)車流作用下,結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)聲輻射的聲壓分布特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析；并基于煩惱率,分別采用G聲級(jí)和C聲級(jí)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)輻射的次聲噪聲和低頻噪聲進(jìn)行了概率意義上的評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明：由橋面板局部振動(dòng)引起的頻率在10～20Hz之間的噪聲為這類橋梁振動(dòng)輻射噪聲最主要的原因,通過(guò)降低路面粗糙度和提高橋面板剛度能有效實(shí)現(xiàn)減振降噪的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase in the traffic volume of people in China and the proximity of traffic space to human settlement space, traffic, The problems of comfort and noise caused by structural vibration are becoming more and more serious. In this paper, the problem of comfort caused by bridge vibration and the problem of radiated low frequency noise are taken as objects. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional deterministic method in the structural stress and the uncertainty of the human body's feeling, Based on the probabilistic method, a method for evaluating vibration comfort and sound environment is proposed, which can take into account the effects of random loads and individual differences at the same time. On the one hand, a system for calculating and analyzing the vibration response of structures under random crowd and vehicle flow loads is established. The probabilistic analysis of the structural response is realized. On the other hand, the probability distribution curves on vibration and noise are established considering the influence of individual sensory differences on the existing experimental results and standards. Thus the comprehensive objective evaluation of the structure under the influence of various random factors is realized. Through the application analysis of practical engineering, the work and main conclusions of this paper are as follows:. 1. An accurate method to simulate the vibration response of footbridge under walking load is developed. The accuracy and validity of the algorithm are tested by comparing with the results of field vibration test, and based on the vibration comfort evaluation method proposed in this paper, The comfortableness of structural vibration under random crowd load is studied systematically. The results show that the vibration uncomfortableness may also occur for the footbridge whose fundamental frequency is more than 3 Hz. 2. Taking the vibration response calculation and comfort evaluation of flexible cableway bridge under the action of step load as the object, a simple nonlinear vibration equation and algorithm for ropeway bridge are established. The validity of the algorithm is verified by comparing with the measured results of vibration. On the basis of this, the comfortableness of the structure under random crowd load is studied. The results show that the flexible cableway bridge is low in frequency because of the small stiffness of the structure. It is easy to take place step resonance at high-order mode frequency under the step load, which affects the comfort of the bridge. 3. The probabilistic distribution characteristics and comfortableness of structural vibration under the action of random crowd load and random traffic flow are studied respectively, especially in the analysis of vehicle flow, In this paper, the impact effect of over expansion joint is considered, and the simulation method of impact effect of expansion joint and its influence on structural comfort are studied by comparing with the test results, the results show that, The comfort of this type of footbridge is mainly affected by the impact effect of expansion joint. 4. The prediction of vibration sound radiation and the assessment of sound environment of a separated steel box girder bridge are taken as objects. By comparing with the measured results, the validity of the solution system of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration combination point method in predicting vibration sound radiation is verified. The characteristics of sound pressure distribution of structural vibration sound radiation under the action of random traffic flow are analyzed, and based on the vexation rate, The probabilistic evaluation of infrasound noise and low frequency noise emitted by structural vibration is carried out by using G and C sound levels respectively. The results show that the noise caused by the local vibration of the deck slab is a bridge with frequency between 10 and 20 Hz. The main cause of vibration radiation noise, The purpose of reducing vibration and reducing noise can be realized effectively by reducing road roughness and improving the stiffness of bridge deck.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U441.3

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