本文關(guān)鍵詞：鐵路在綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和新任務(wù)　出處：《綜合運(yùn)輸》2016年07期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 綜合交通 比較優(yōu)勢(shì) 新任務(wù)

【摘要】：從技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、土地占用、經(jīng)濟(jì)安全等方面對(duì)鐵路在綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系中的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析,總結(jié)了新形勢(shì)下鐵路面臨的新任務(wù)。結(jié)果表明,按單位里程完成的貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量分析,鐵路約為水運(yùn)的0.5~0.8倍,公路的20~35倍,民航的4500~6500倍。按完成單位貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用分析,水運(yùn)、公路、民航分別約為鐵路的1/2、10倍、20倍。鐵路單位里程造價(jià)一般高于公路,但完成單位客貨運(yùn)量建設(shè)成本基本相當(dāng)。鐵路運(yùn)輸節(jié)約能源明顯,水運(yùn)、公路、民航分別約為鐵路內(nèi)燃機(jī)車萬(wàn)噸公里能耗的2.5倍、20~35倍、125倍。鐵路和水運(yùn)屬于清潔型運(yùn)輸方式,公路和民航有害氣體排放強(qiáng)度分別約為鐵路的5倍和30倍。按單位運(yùn)輸能力計(jì)算,I級(jí)雙線鐵路占地是一級(jí)公路、四車道高速公路、六車道高速公路的16%、33%、43%。鐵路運(yùn)輸安全性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于公路,與水運(yùn)相差不大。新形勢(shì)下鐵路發(fā)展的新任務(wù)主要有:發(fā)揮鐵路支撐引領(lǐng)作用;加強(qiáng)鐵路供給側(cè)改革;發(fā)揮鐵路優(yōu)勢(shì)新潛力。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the comparative advantages of railway in the comprehensive transportation system from the aspects of technical economy, energy saving and environmental protection, land occupation and economic safety, and summarizes the new tasks facing the railway under the new situation. In terms of cargo turnover per unit mileage, the railway is about 0.58 times that of the waterway and the highway 2035 times. It is about 1 / 2 / 2 times of that of the railway in terms of transportation cost per unit of completed cargo turnover, water transport, highway, and civil aviation, each of which is about 1 / 2 / 2 times of that of the railway. The cost per unit mileage of the railway is generally higher than that of the highway, but the cost of completing the construction of the volume of passenger and cargo transportation per unit is basically the same. Civil aviation is about 2.5 times as much as the energy consumption of railway diesel locomotives for ten thousand tons per kilometer. The emission intensity of harmful gas in highway and civil aviation is about 5 times and 30 times of that of railway respectively. The safety of railway transportation is far higher than that of highway, which is not different from that of water transportation. The new tasks of railway development under the new situation are as follows: give play to the role of railway support and guidance; Strengthening railway supply-side reform; Give full play to the new potential of railway superiority.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)國(guó)際工程咨詢公司;北京中咨海外咨詢有限公司;
【基金】：國(guó)家鐵路局科技研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目:國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)鐵路的新要求(KF2014030)
【分類號(hào)】：U111
【正文快照】： 交通運(yùn)輸是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)重要的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展具有戰(zhàn)略性、全局性影響。新形勢(shì)下,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)入中高速增長(zhǎng)的新常態(tài),產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整步伐加快,運(yùn)輸需求規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)都將發(fā)生重大變化。推動(dòng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化布局和分工協(xié)作,要求重點(diǎn)區(qū)域交通加快發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)區(qū)域間和

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