本文關(guān)鍵詞：雙層水平板防波堤水動(dòng)力特性研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 雙層水平板防波堤 數(shù)值模擬 模型試驗(yàn) 透射系數(shù) 波浪力 流場(chǎng) 波能流

【摘要】：雙層水平板防波堤是一種新型的環(huán)保型防波堤結(jié)構(gòu),與傳統(tǒng)防波堤相比有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)：(1)允許水體在防波堤內(nèi)外自由交換,不破壞海洋環(huán)境；(2)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,便于施工；(3)造價(jià)隨水深的變化不敏感。該結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)用化的主要障礙在于缺乏消浪效果定量化評(píng)價(jià)方法及實(shí)用化荷載計(jì)算方法,因此開(kāi)展雙層水平板防波堤水動(dòng)力特性的研究對(duì)于該結(jié)構(gòu)推廣應(yīng)用具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文采用物理模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)雙層水平板防波堤的消浪效果和水動(dòng)力特性進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)消浪機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討,得到以下主要研究成果： (1)關(guān)于透射系數(shù)和波浪總力的計(jì)算方法 綜合考慮了相對(duì)板寬B/L、相對(duì)波高H/D、波陡H/L、相對(duì)板間距S/D和相對(duì)潛深d/D五個(gè)影響因素,用最小二乘法擬合給出了透射系數(shù)和豎向波浪總力的計(jì)算公式。 (2)關(guān)于雙層水平板防波堤周圍的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和消浪機(jī)理 雙層水平板改變了波浪水質(zhì)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)形態(tài)。雙層水平板防波堤周圍的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)具體表現(xiàn)為：潛式堤雙層板之間的流場(chǎng)呈水平往復(fù)流動(dòng)狀態(tài),潛式堤和出水堤的下層板到水底之間的流動(dòng)也接近水平往復(fù)流。潛式堤的上層板上表面到自由水面、出水堤的下層板上表面到自由水面之間存在渦動(dòng)。最大渦強(qiáng)隨波浪傳播而移動(dòng)。渦強(qiáng)度的時(shí)空變化及脫落的周期性與入射波浪周期一致,上述流場(chǎng)變化決定了水平板上壓力的變化。 雙層水平板對(duì)堤前流場(chǎng)的影響范圍不超過(guò)1倍板寬,對(duì)堤后流場(chǎng)的影響范圍較大。不同位置分層剖面的波能流沿水平板有均勻差異。波能流在潛式堤的雙層板之間以及在潛式堤和出水堤的下層板下方可以發(fā)生逆向傳遞。渦動(dòng)能量損耗及雙層板所在水域波能流的逆向傳遞是雙層板防波堤消浪的主要機(jī)理。 (3)關(guān)于雙層水平板的消浪性能 波浪與雙層水平板防波堤作用后,雙層水平板起到了消波(反射和損耗部分波浪能量)和改變波頻的雙重作用。潛式堤和出水堤堤后的波面含有2階及以上諧波成分,特別是當(dāng)相對(duì)板寬小于0.5時(shí),高階諧波成分占有能量比例較大,一定條件下可達(dá)到1階諧波占有能量比例相當(dāng)?shù)某潭�。因此采用諧波能量疊加法定義的透射系數(shù)(式2.5)更具合理性。透射系數(shù)受諸多參數(shù)的耦合影響,并非雙層水平板越寬,對(duì)單色波浪的消浪效果越好,在0.29～0.72倍相對(duì)板寬范圍內(nèi),透射系數(shù)隨相對(duì)板寬的變化呈波動(dòng)型式；在相對(duì)潛深d/D=-0.25～+0.17試驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi),相對(duì)潛深對(duì)透射系數(shù)的影響并不十分顯著。 (4)關(guān)于波壓力及其分布 潛式堤和出水堤的波壓力以1階頻率為主,2階、3階頻率較小,其它高階頻率可以忽略不計(jì)。雙層水平板不同受力位置波動(dòng)壓力有較大差別,出水堤上層板露出水面時(shí),上表面波壓力很小,下表面前、后端易出現(xiàn)沖擊壓力；出水堤下層板淹沒(méi)時(shí),呈現(xiàn)出與潛式堤大體相同的時(shí)域特征。但潛式堤淹沒(méi)較深時(shí),下層板尾端易出現(xiàn)高頻波動(dòng)壓力。對(duì)波壓力包絡(luò)分布而言,相對(duì)潛深d/D、相對(duì)板寬B/L和相對(duì)波高H/D均對(duì)波壓力包絡(luò)分布有影響,但是相對(duì)潛深d/D對(duì)上層板的上、下表面的波壓力包絡(luò)分布影響較大,即潛式堤的上層板上表面受到較大的波壓力,而出水堤受到的波壓力較��；出水堤的上層板下表面受到較大的沖擊波壓力,潛式堤的上層板下表面則未出現(xiàn)沖擊特性。
[Abstract]:Double horizontal plate breakwater is a new type of environmental protection type breakwater structure has many advantages compared with the traditional breakwater: (1) to allow the free exchange of water in the breakwater inside and outside, without damage to the marine environment; (2) has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction; (3) the cost with the water depth is not sensitive to the variations of major obstacles to the practical structure. The calculation method of wave dissipation effect is the lack of quantitative evaluation methods and practical load, so the study on the dynamic characteristics of double horizontal plate breakwater has practical significance for the promotion and application of the structure.
Based on the combination of physical model test and numerical simulation, the wave dissipation effect and hydrodynamic characteristics of a double-layer horizontal breakwater are studied. The mechanism of wave dissipation is discussed, and the following research results are obtained.
(1) the calculation method of the transmission coefficient and the total wave force
Considering the five factors, the relative plate width B/L, the relative wave height H/D, the wave steepness H/L, the relative plate spacing S/D and the relative depth d/D, the least square fitting method is used to give the calculation formula of the transmission coefficient and the total force of the vertical wave.
(2) the flow field structure and wave elimination mechanism around the double layer horizontal plate breakwater
Double horizontal plate to change water waves moving form. The flow structure around the specific performance of twin plate breakwater for submersible dike flow field between two plates in horizontal reciprocating flow, flow of the lower plate submerged embankment and embankment to the bottom of the reciprocating flow close to the level of the upper plate submerged breakwater. On the surface to the free surface, the lower plate on the surface of the embankment to the free surface vortex. Maximum vorticity with wave propagation and moving. Temporal and spatial variation of vortex intensity and shedding cycle and incident wave period, the flow field is determined by the changes of pressure change on the horizontal plate.
The influence on flow field of double horizontal plate breakwater in front of not more than 1 times the width of the flow field, a great influence on the embankment. Different positions of layered profile wave energy flow along the horizontal plate with uniform difference between double plate. Under the wave energy flux in submerged dike and dike embankment in the submersible and the lower plate. Reverse transfer can occur. The eddy energy loss and double plate where the water wave can flow reverse transfer is the main mechanism of wave absorbing double-layer plate breakwater.
(3) the wave elimination performance of double horizontal horizontal plate
The effect of breakwater wave and double horizontal plate, double horizontal plate plays (wave reflection and wave energy loss) and change the wave frequency of the dual role. Submerged dike and dike water after surface containing 2 and higher order harmonic components, especially when the relative width of less than 0.5, the high order harmonic occupy a larger proportion of energy components, under certain conditions can reach 1 order harmonic energy occupies a considerable proportion. So the transmission coefficient of the harmonic superposition of energy (2.5) definition is more reasonable. The coupling effect of the transmission coefficient is affected by many parameters, not double water plate is wide, the better the effect of wave dissipation monochromatic wave. In 0.29 ~ 0.72 times relative plate width range, the transmission coefficient is wave type changes with the relative plate width; the relative depth of d/D=-0.25 ~ +0.17 within the scope of the test, the relative effect of depth on the transmission coefficient is not very significant.
(4) on the wave pressure and its distribution
Wave pressure submerged embankment and embankment with 1 frequencies, 2 order, 3 order frequency is small, the other high frequencies can be ignored. Large difference of double horizontal plate with different stress position and pressure fluctuations, embankment upper plate is exposed on the surface, the pressure is very small, under the surface of the front and rear easy the impact pressure; the lower plate submerged embankment, showing the time-domain characteristics similar with submerged breakwater. But the submersible deep submerged dike, the lower end plate is prone to high frequency fluctuation pressure on the pressure wave envelope distribution, relative depth d/D, relative plate width of B/L and H/D on the relative wave height wave the pressure envelope influence the distribution, but the relative depth of d/D on the upper plate on the influence of wave pressure distribution under the surface of the upper plate, the upper surface of the submerged breakwater under wave pressure, and the pressure wave water levees are smaller; the upper plate under the embankment The surface of the submerged dike has no impact on the lower surface of the upper surface of the submerged dike.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U656.2

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