【摘要】：中國作為制造大國提出了“中國制造2025”的強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略,研發(fā)高精度、高效率的機(jī)床是提升制造業(yè)整體水平的基礎(chǔ)保障。相比于滑動(dòng)軌導(dǎo),滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的定位精度更高、摩擦系數(shù)更小、精度保持性更好。滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌表面在往復(fù)循環(huán)的疲勞應(yīng)力作用下會(huì)出現(xiàn)裂紋和疲勞剝落,這對導(dǎo)軌精度保持性和耐磨性能構(gòu)成了威脅,導(dǎo)軌一旦失效將很難修復(fù)。利用仿生與激光表面處理相結(jié)合的耦合仿生強(qiáng)化技術(shù)是提高材料表面耐磨性的一個(gè)新研究方向。(1)本文模仿自然界生物的特征設(shè)計(jì)了幾種等激光強(qiáng)化面積的不同仿生特征,利用激光熔凝技術(shù)將其加工在導(dǎo)軌塊試樣表面并對其進(jìn)行了摩擦磨損實(shí)驗(yàn),目的是為了探究仿生形態(tài)是如何影響導(dǎo)軌性能以及不同仿生形式之間存在差異的機(jī)制。(2)用彈性遲滯理論分析了耦合仿生技術(shù)對提高材料耐磨性能的影響。經(jīng)過激光熔凝處理的HT250其材料表面壓縮區(qū)的恢復(fù)阻力約為未處理材料的三分之一,這說明了激光熔凝技術(shù)能有效地減少滾動(dòng)過程中由彈性遲滯引起的材料力學(xué)損耗,提高材料表面的耐磨性能。(3)設(shè)計(jì)摩擦磨損實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)并對耦合仿生導(dǎo)軌塊試樣進(jìn)行了磨損實(shí)驗(yàn)。模仿實(shí)際機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌并設(shè)計(jì)、搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)效率高、控制實(shí)驗(yàn)變量條件能力強(qiáng)的往復(fù)式摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),并分4次進(jìn)行了疲勞磨損實(shí)驗(yàn),累計(jì)磨損次數(shù)達(dá)1.68×106次。(4)通過XDR實(shí)驗(yàn)、SEM掃描電鏡實(shí)驗(yàn)、顯微硬度測試以及3D形貌測試對摩擦磨損實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過激光熔凝處理的試樣塊其組織中硬度較低、間隙較大的珠光體變成了硬度大、組織細(xì)密的針狀馬氏體和少量奧氏體;且各耦合仿生導(dǎo)軌式樣塊表面的硬度及表面輪廓高度算術(shù)平均值Sa存在一定的差異。(5)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明仿生形態(tài)對材料表面的耐磨性能有著重要的影響;等激光強(qiáng)化面積的各耦合仿生導(dǎo)軌試樣塊在抗磨、耐磨能力上存在一定的差異;仿潮間帶貝殼類縱剖面珍珠層的磚墻形單元體、蜜蜂蜂巢的蜂巢形單元體具有突出的抗磨損能力。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：仿生單元體的提取Fig.2.1Extractionofbionicunit2.1.2仿生單元的設(shè)計(jì)
[Abstract]:As a manufacturing country, China has put forward the strategy of "made in China 2025". The research and development of high precision and efficient machine tools is the basic guarantee to improve the overall level of manufacturing industry. Compared with the sliding rail guide, the rolling rail has higher positioning accuracy, smaller friction coefficient and better precision retention. Cracks and fatigue spalling will occur on the surface of rolling guideway under the action of fatigue stress of reciprocating cycle, which threatens the precision retention and wear resistance of rolling guideway, and it will be difficult to repair once the guideway fails. The coupling bionic strengthening technology combined with bionic and laser surface treatment is a new research direction to improve the surface wear resistance of materials. (1) in this paper, several bionic characteristics of equal laser strengthening area are designed according to the characteristics of natural organisms, and the laser melting technology is used to process them on the surface of guideway block samples and friction and wear experiments are carried out. The purpose of this paper is to explore how bionic morphology affects the performance of guideway and the mechanism of differences among different bionic forms. (2) the influence of coupling bionic technology on improving wear resistance of materials is analyzed by elastic lag theory. The recovery resistance of the surface compression zone of HT250 treated by laser melting is about 1/3 of that of the untreated material, which shows that the laser melting technology can effectively reduce the mechanical loss of the material caused by elastic lag in the rolling process and improve the wear resistance of the material surface. (3) the friction and wear test bench is designed and the wear test of the coupled bionic guideway block sample is carried out. A reciprocating friction test platform with high experimental efficiency and strong ability to control experimental variables was built, and the cumulative wear times were 1.68 脳 106 times. (4) the friction and wear test results were analyzed by XDR experiment, SEM scanning electron microscope test, microhardness test and 3D morphology test. It is found that the hardness of the sample blocks treated by laser melting is low, the pearlite with large gap becomes a large hardness, the fine structure of acicular martensite and a small amount of Austenite, and there are some differences in the surface hardness and surface profile height Sa of each coupled bionic guide rail sample block. (5) the experimental results show that the bionic morphology has an important effect on the wear resistance of the material surface, and the surface hardness and surface profile height of the coupling bionic guide rail sample block are different. (5) the experimental results show that the bionic morphology has an important influence on the wear resistance of the material surface. There are some differences in wear resistance and wear resistance of each coupling bionic guideway sample block with equal laser strengthening area, and the brick wall unit body with shell longitudinal profile pearl layer and the honeybee nest cell body have outstanding wear resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG502;TG665

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