【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)金屬除銹劑一般以幾種強(qiáng)酸復(fù)配而成,這類除銹劑具有除銹速度快、成本低、除銹徹底的優(yōu)點,因此受到使用者的青睞。然而,強(qiáng)酸腐蝕性強(qiáng),屬于國家嚴(yán)控的�；贰４送�,這類除銹劑在除銹過程中存在金屬過腐蝕、氫脆、污染環(huán)境及除銹后金屬易返銹等諸多問題。為徹底解決強(qiáng)酸除銹劑存在的問題,開發(fā)安全環(huán)保的中性除銹劑具有重要意義。本文采用單因素實驗以及復(fù)配方法制備了一種中性(或弱酸性)除銹劑,并對其性能進(jìn)行了分析測試。探究了溫度對該環(huán)除銹劑除銹速率的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著溫度的不斷升高,除銹速率不斷增大。用該除銹劑除銹蝕等級為C級的Q235碳素鋼,常溫25℃下,除銹速率達(dá)到1.54×102g·h-1·m-2, 23min即可徹底除銹;升高溫度到80℃時,除銹速率達(dá)到4.73×102 g·h-1·m-2, -lOmin即可徹底除銹。經(jīng)過實驗對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)該除銹劑常溫下與市售產(chǎn)品效果相當(dāng),升高溫度后,除銹效果明顯高于市售產(chǎn)品。此外,還研究了超聲波強(qiáng)化作用對除銹劑除銹效果的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)常溫下超聲波的加入對除銹速率無明顯影響,升高溫度后,隨著超聲波功率的增大,除銹速率明顯提高,80℃下,超聲功率為100%時除銹速率可達(dá)到9. 85×102 g·h-1·m-2,除銹速度和效果與鹽酸的相當(dāng),5min內(nèi)即可除銹完全。采用SEM表征了該環(huán)保型除銹劑的防銹效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)除銹后的Q235碳鋼表面形成一層薄膜,起到了防銹的作用,常溫下室內(nèi)放置一個月未發(fā)生返銹。利用電化學(xué)工作站測定了除銹過程的Tafel曲線,從電化學(xué)角度對除銹劑的除銹效果進(jìn)行了評價。經(jīng)過對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)該除銹劑對金屬氧化物的溶解能力比市售某產(chǎn)品要強(qiáng),有利于鋼板表面銹蝕物的脫落。該型除銹劑的pH值接近中性,對設(shè)備產(chǎn)生腐蝕較小,同時具有較好的除銹效果和安全性,并且具防銹和鈍化作用,且除銹后的金屬不易返銹等優(yōu)點,是新一代的環(huán)保型多功能除銹劑。
[Abstract]:The traditional metal rust remover is usually composed of several strong acids, which have the advantages of fast rust removal, low cost and thorough rust removal, so they are favored by the users. However, strong acid corrosive, belong to the state strictly controlled dangerous chemicals. In addition, there are many problems such as over corrosion of metal, hydrogen embrittlement, pollution of environment and easy return of rust after rust removal of this kind of rust remover. In order to solve the problem of strong acid rust removing agent thoroughly, it is of great significance to develop the neutral rust removing agent which is safe and environmental friendly. In this paper, a neutral (or weak acid) derusting agent was prepared by single factor experiment and compounding method, and its properties were analyzed and tested. The effect of temperature on the rust removal rate of the ring was investigated. It was found that the rust removal rate increased with the increasing of temperature. The rust removal rate of Q235 carbon steel with C grade is 1.54 脳 10 ~ 2 g 路h ~ (-2) m ~ (-2) at room temperature 25 鈩，

本文編號：2329893