發(fā)布時間：2018-04-21 05:00

  本文選題：正滲透 + 復合支撐層�。� 參考：《河南師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：清潔的水資源短缺已經(jīng)成為全球最大危機之一,因此潔凈水的生產(chǎn)和再生成為主要的關(guān)注熱點。在眾多處理技術(shù)當中,正滲透以其低能耗,膜污染較輕和環(huán)境友好型等特點,在海水淡化、污水處理、鹽差發(fā)電等領(lǐng)域受到越來越多的關(guān)注。然而,在正滲透運行過程中存在的嚴重的濃差極化問題,這嚴重影響了正滲透膜的分離效率。理想正滲透膜應(yīng)具有高的水通量、低的鹽通量和良好的機械強度從而能夠保證膜長期穩(wěn)定的運行。因此,本文從研制新型支撐層和優(yōu)化支撐層結(jié)構(gòu)入手。通過優(yōu)化正滲透膜制備工藝,在保證高截鹽率和水通量的前提下,提高正滲透膜的機械強度,從而制備出性能優(yōu)良的兩種正滲透膜。并對所制備的正滲透膜進行濃縮丙烯酰胺溶液的應(yīng)用,重點考察正滲透膜在長期運行條件下濃縮效率和膜性能的變化。眾所周知,靜電紡絲納米纖維膜具有特殊的三維連通孔結(jié)構(gòu)、低的膜孔彎曲度和高的孔隙率等優(yōu)點,為開發(fā)高性能的正滲透膜提供了可能。然而,靜電紡絲納米纖維膜作為支撐層仍存在機械性能差等問題,這嚴重影響了制備的靜電紡絲正滲透膜的應(yīng)用前景。因此,本文以高強度、大孔PET無紡布為底層,采用聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)為材料進行靜電紡絲,通過對支撐層進行熱壓處理,制備靜電紡絲復合支撐層。并以間苯二胺(MPD)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)為單體,采用界面聚合方法制備了新型高強度PET復合正滲透膜。實驗研究了紡絲液濃度、紡絲電壓、接收距離和熱壓處理對復合支撐層結(jié)構(gòu)和機械性能的影響。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),在最佳條件下制備出的復合支撐層的表面的接觸角為121°,拉伸強度為11.4 MPa,相比于傳統(tǒng)的靜電紡絲膜,復合支撐層的拉伸強度得到了大幅的提升。通過對正滲透膜性能的測試發(fā)現(xiàn),采用1mol/L NaCl溶液為汲取液,PRO模式下復合FO膜的水通量達到25.8 LMH,反向鹽通量為4.5 gMH。在相轉(zhuǎn)化制膜工藝中,采用聚砜(PSF)為原材料來制備聚砜正滲透膜。通過優(yōu)化聚砜鑄膜液濃度和界面聚合條件來考察對正滲透膜性能的影響。并采用電子掃描顯微鏡、表面接觸角測試儀、XPS測試等技術(shù)手段對所制備的聚砜正滲透膜結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進行表征。通過優(yōu)化實驗條件,當聚砜濃度在12 wt%,MPD為3.4 wt%,TMC為0.15wt%時,反應(yīng)時間為60 S條件下,制備出來的正滲透膜性能最佳。在PRO模式下,1mol/L NaCl溶液為汲取液,正滲透膜的純水通量高達42.3 LMH,遠高于目前HTI商業(yè)化的FO膜,為今后正滲透膜的制備提供了研究基礎(chǔ)。最后,本文采用聚砜正滲透膜對模擬工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的丙烯酰胺溶液進行濃縮實驗。并采用NaCl和MgCl_2溶液作為汲取液,通過改變汲取液濃度、錯流流速和活性層不同取向等條件來考察對濃縮效率的影響。通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),當采用5 mol/L的MgCl_2溶液作為汲取液時,實驗運行20 h后,丙烯酰胺濃度可以從20%濃縮到40%,達到工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)要求。介于正滲透技術(shù)具有低能耗,低膜污染等特點在工業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出巨大的優(yōu)勢。因此本研究為今后開發(fā)和優(yōu)化丙烯酰胺濃縮工藝具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The shortage of clean water has become one of the biggest crises in the world, so the production and regeneration of clean water has become the main focus of attention. Among the many processing technologies, the positive infiltration has attracted more and more attention in the fields of desalination, sewage treatment and salt difference power generation in the areas of low energy consumption, light membrane pollution and environment-friendly. The serious polarization problem in the positive permeation process, which seriously affects the separation efficiency of the positive permeable membrane, should have high water flux, low salt flux and good mechanical strength, thus ensuring the long-term stability of the membrane. Therefore, the new support layer and the optimal support layer are developed in this paper. By optimizing the preparation process of the positive osmosis membrane, the mechanical strength of the positive osmosis membrane is improved on the premise of high salt cutting rate and water flux, so as to prepare two kinds of positive permeable membranes with excellent performance. It is well known that the electrospun nanofiber membrane has a special three-dimensional connected pore structure, low membrane porosity and high porosity, which provides a possibility for the development of high performance osmosis membrane. However, the mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane still exist as a support layer, which is serious. The application prospect of the prepared electrospun positive permeable membrane was affected. Therefore, in this paper, a high strength, large pore PET non-woven fabric was used as the bottom layer, polybutylene terephthalate (PET) was used as the material to electrospun. The electrospun composite supporting layer was prepared by hot pressing on the supporting layer, and MPD (MPD) and benzyl chloride (TM) were prepared. C) a new type of high strength PET composite positive permeable membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization. The effects of spinning solution concentration, spinning voltage, receiving distance and hot pressing on the structure and mechanical properties of the composite support layer were investigated experimentally. The experimental results showed that the contact angle of the surface of the composite support layer prepared under the optimum conditions was 121 degrees, and the tensile strength was strong. The tensile strength of the composite support layer is greatly enhanced by the degree of 11.4 MPa, compared with the traditional electrostatic spinning film. Through the test of the performance of the positive permeable membrane, the 1mol/L NaCl solution is used as the drawing fluid. The water flux of the composite FO film under the PRO mode reaches 25.8 LMH, the reverse salt is 4.5 gMH. in the phase conversion process, and the polysulfone is used. (PSF) the polysulfone positive permeation membrane was prepared for the raw materials. The effects of the concentration of polysulfone film liquid and the interfacial polymerization conditions were optimized. The structure and properties of the polysulfone positive permeable membrane were characterized by electron scanning microscope, surface contact angle tester and XPS test. The optimization experiment was carried out through the optimization experiment. Conditions, when the concentration of polysulfone is 12 wt%, MPD is 3.4 wt%, TMC is 0.15wt%, and the reaction time is 60 S, the preparation of the positive osmosis membrane is the best. In PRO mode, 1mol/L NaCl solution is a draw liquid and the pure water flux of the positive osmosis membrane is up to 42.3 LMH, which is far higher than the HTI commercialized FO membrane, which provides the research for the preparation of the positive permeable membrane in the future. In the end, the polysulfone positive permeation membrane was used to concentrate the concentration of acrylamide solution in the simulated industrial production. The effect of the concentration of drawing fluid, the flow velocity of the flow and the different orientation of the active layer on the concentration efficiency were investigated by using NaCl and MgCl_2 solution as the drawing solution. The experiment was found that the 5 mol/L Mg was used. When the Cl_2 solution is used as a drawing liquid, the concentration of acrylamide can be condensed from 20% to 40% after 20 h, which can meet the production requirements of industrial products. The characteristics of low energy consumption and low membrane fouling in the positive permeation technology show great advantages in industrial application. Therefore, this study has the advantages of developing and optimizing the process of acrylamide concentration in the future. Significance.

【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ051.893

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